Male reproductive

• Artificial insemination involves concentrating the sperm cells and inserting them into the female's reproductive tract.
• The reproductive system is responsible for the production of gametes, fertilization, development and nourishment of a new individual, and the production of sex hormones.
• Gametes, or sex cells, are produced in the reproductive system.
• Meiosis is a type of cell division in which formation of gametes occurs in the reproductive system.
• Synapsis is a process where chromosomes align as pairs in the reproductive system.
• Crossing over allows the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes in the reproductive system.
• Reduction division, also known as 1st meiotic division, reduces the number of chromosomes from 16 to 23 in the reproductive system.
• 2nd Meiotic division in the reproductive system is similar to mitosis.
• The scrotum is a saclike structure containing the testes in the reproductive system.
• Dartos muscle is a layer of smooth muscle beneath the skin of the scrotum in the reproductive system.
• Cremaster muscles are extensions of abdominal muscles into the scrotum in the reproductive system.
• Testes, also called male gonads, are oval organs within the scrotum in the reproductive system.
• Seminiferous tubules are where sperm cells develop in the reproductive system.
• Interstitial cells or Leydig cells are endocrine cells that secrete testosterone in the reproductive system.
• Sustentacular cells or Sertoli are large and nourish the germ cells, producing a number of hormones in the reproductive system.
• Spermatogenesis is the formation of sperm cells in the reproductive system.
• Spermatogonia are the most peripheral germ cells that divide through mitosis in the reproductive system.
• Primary spermatocytes are other daughter cells that divide by meiosis and become sperm cells in the reproductive system.
• Secondary spermatocytes are the product of the first meiotic division in the reproductive system.
• Spermatids are the product of the secondary meiotic division in the reproductive system.
• Sperm cell or Spermatozoon is a developed spermatid with a head, midpiece, and flagellum in the reproductive system.
• Epididymis is a tightly coiled series of threadlike tubules that form a comma-shaped structure in the reproductive system.
• Rete testis is a network of tubular networks that empty into each seminiferous tubule in the reproductive system.
• Efferent ductules carry sperm cells from the testis to the epididymis in the reproductive system.
• Capacitation is the final changes in sperm cells that occur after ejaculation of semen into the vagina and prior to fertilization in the reproductive system.
• Ductus Deferens or Vas deferens emerges from the epididymis and ascends along the posterior side of the testis in the reproductive system.
• Corpus spongiosum is the third, small erectile column that occupies the ventral portion of the penis.
• Inhibin has a negative-feedback effect on FSH secretion.
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced in hypothalamus and stimulates the release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary.
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) binds to sustentacular cells and stimulates spermatogenesis and secretion of inhibin.
• Glans penis is the formed cap of the penis.
• Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone.
• Testosterone is required for normal sex drive.
• Emission is the movement of sperm cells, mucus, prostatic secretions, and seminal vesicle secretions into the prostatic embrocus, spongy urethra.
• Prostate fluid contains nutrients and proteolytic enzymes and neutralizes the pH of the vagina.
• Semen is a mixture of sperm cells and gland secretions.
• Prepuce or foreskin is the loose fold of skin that covers the glans penis.
• Before puberty, small amounts of testosterone inhibit GnRH release.
• Infertility in males is commonly caused by a low sperm cell count.
• Erection is the process of the engorgement of the erectile tissue with blood that causes the penis to enlarge and become firm.