Semi-conservative replication process

Created by

Rafia Raja

Cards (61)

What is the semi-conservative model of DNA replication?
Each new DNA molecule has one old strand
What is the name of the DNA fragment shown in the image?
Okazaki fragment
What does primase create during DNA replication?
RNA primers on leading and lagging strands
How can you visualize the semi-conservative model of DNA replication?
Like copying a sheet of paper
Using one half of the original
Creating a new half to complete it
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
What is the first step of DNA replication?
DNA helicase unwinds the double helix
What is the name of the process shown in the image?
DNA replication
What model does DNA replication follow?
Semi-conservative model
How does the semi-conservative model ensure genetic information is passed down?
It uses one old strand and one new strand
If the parent DNA strand has the sequence ATCG, what would be the sequence of the newly synthesized strands?
TAGC
What is the role of DNA polymerase III?
It adds nucleotides to the leading strand continuously
What is the significance of maintaining one original strand in semi-conservative replication?
Ensures accurate genetic information transfer
Creates a continuous line of inheritance
Maintains genetic stability across generations
If DNA replication is disrupted, which enzyme's function would most directly affect strand synthesis?
DNA polymerase
What is the key difference between Conservative and Semi-Conservative Replication as shown in the image?
In Semi-Conservative Replication, each new DNA strand contains one original and one newly synthesized strand, while in Conservative Replication, the original DNA strands are completely preserved
What does DNA polymerase I do during replication?
It removes primers and replaces them with DNA
How does semi-conservative replication maintain genetic stability?
It keeps one original strand from parent DNA
What is the role of the RNA primer in DNA replication?
It provides a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin replicating the DNA strand
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the leading and lagging strand replication mechanisms?
Advantages:
Allows for efficient and rapid DNA replication
Maintains the integrity of the genetic information

Disadvantages:
Potential for errors and mutations during the discontinuous replication of the lagging strand
What are the key steps in the DNA replication process?
Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix
RNA primer provides a starting point for DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase synthesizes the new complementary DNA strands
Okazaki fragments are formed on the lagging strand
DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand
What does DNA polymerase I do after removing RNA primers?
It replaces them with DNA nucleotides
Why is the lagging strand replicated discontinuously?
Because DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction
What are the components of the DNA strands shown in the image?
Original DNA strands (blue)
Newly synthesized DNA strands (orange)
How does the structure of the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication contribute to the overall efficiency of the process?
The continuous replication of the leading strand and the discontinuous replication of the lagging strand allows for rapid and efficient DNA duplication
What is the role of DNA helicase in DNA replication?
Unwinds DNA double helix
How do the roles of DNA helicase and DNA ligase differ in DNA replication?
Helicase unwinds DNA; ligase joins fragments
What does DNA helicase do during replication?
It breaks hydrogen bonds to unwind DNA
What does the blue original DNA strand represent in semi-conservative replication?
It represents the parent DNA molecule
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
Synthesizes new DNA strands
What are Okazaki fragments?
Short DNA segments on the lagging strand
How is the leading strand synthesized during DNA replication?
Continuously towards the replication fork
What is the name of the enzyme that joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?
DNA ligase
If the leading strand is replicated continuously, why is the lagging strand replicated discontinuously?
To maintain the 5' to 3' directionality of DNA synthesis
What initiates the unwinding of DNA during replication?
DNA helicase
How does DNA polymerase work on the lagging strand?
It creates short Okazaki fragments
How does the structure of the leading and lagging strands differ during DNA replication?
Leading strand is a continuous single strand
Lagging strand is made up of discontinuous Okazaki fragments
Why is DNA replication important?
It ensures accurate genetic material duplication
How does the Semi-Conservative Replication Model ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next?
Each new DNA molecule contains one original and one newly synthesized strand
This ensures that the genetic information is faithfully replicated and passed on to the next generation
What is the function of DNA ligase?
It joins Okazaki fragments together
What is the role of primase in DNA replication?
It synthesizes RNA primers for DNA polymerase
What is the name of the replication model shown in the image?
Semi-Conservative Replication Model