7A 7B

• Our Lady of Fatima University – Antipolo Campus College of Pharmacy offers PCQA 111, a subject on Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Inorganic Medicinals with Qualitative Analysis.
• Jayson Serrano is the instructor for PCQA 111.
• Group VIIA Halogens are represented by Berzelius, who suggested the term “halogen” derived from the Greek words “sea salt” and “to produce”, meaning “producer of sea salt”.
• The term “halogen” is applied to the four elements – bromine, chlorine, iodine, and astatine – because the sodium salt of their respective hydro acids are very similar to ordinary salts.
• The halogens constitute the most active family or group of non-metals in the periodic table.
• In the free state, these elements exist as diatomic molecules and due to their activity, the halogens are never found free in nature.
• The oxidation property of Halogens decreases with increasing atomic number.
• The tendency to be oxidized is, of course, greatest with iodide and least with fluoride.
• Technetium is from the decay of Mo-99.
• Group VIIB Identification Test: H2S produces a salmon or flesh colored precipitate of MnS.
• Manganese Sulfide is involved in phosphorylation, fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis.
• Technetium is the most commonly used radiopharmaceutical.
• KMnO4 is a manganese compound that acts as an oxidizing agent, antiseptic, and MnO2 masks the blue green color of the glass.
• Manganese Sulfide is a salmon-colored sulfur and a trace element that is a cofactor in CHON synthesis for riboflavin.
• Parkinsonism is a condition similar to poisoning from Manganese Sulfide.
• Braunite is a silicate mineral containing both di- and tri-valent manganese.
• Technetium is the first element produced artificially, and it is used in the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals.
• NaBiO3 produces a purple solution of HMnO4 (permanganic acid).
• Fluorine is the strongest oxidizing agent, also known as the super halogen according to Linus Pauling.
• The iodide ion is a strong reducing agent; it readily gives up one electron.
• KMnO4, H2SO4, chloroform: violet layer due to the liberation of I2.
• Iodine Tincture is a 2% iodine in 50% alcohol with NaI.
• Toxicity: Iodism.
• Iodine isotopes have wide use in diagnosis and therapy.
• Although the iodide ion is colourless, iodide solutions may acquire a brownish tint as a result of oxidation of iodide to free iodine by atmospheric oxygen.
• Astatine is the only metallic and synthetic halogen resembling iodine, the only radioactive halogen, and the least electronegative element.
• Deficiency: Goiter.
• Iodine combines directly with many elements and readily with most metals and some nonmetals to form iodides.
• Povidone-Iodine (Betadine®) is a Polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) with iodophores that liberates free iodine.
• In inert solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride or carbon disulfide, violet-coloured solutions that contain uncoordinated iodine molecules are obtained.
• AgNO3: Yellow precipitate of AgI insoluble in HNO3.
• Potassium Iodide increases the solubility of I2.
• Manganese is a silvery-gray metal that resembles iron, is hard and very brittle, and has two salt forms: Hausmannite, a complex oxide of manganese containing both di- and tri-valent manganese.
• Iodine preparations include Iodine solution (2% I2 in H2O), Strong iodine solution (Lugol’s soln, 5% iodine in water with KI), Iodine tincture, and disinfectant (2% Iodine solution; 50% alcohol with KI).
• Mandel’s Solution is a carbolised iodine solution used as an antiseptic.
• Boulton’s Solution is a phenolated iodine solution used as a disinfectant.
• Group VIIB Manganese is a co-factor in protein synthesis, phosphorylation, fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, and is poisonous, causing Parkinson-like symptoms.
• Fluorine is poisonous and the principal manifestation of fluorine poisoning is mottled enamel and abnormal bone growth.
• Sodium fluoride (NaF) is used as an anti-cariogenic at 2% solution in 4 applications.
• Sodium fluoride (NaF) is also used in the preparation of sodium fluoride-phosphate (Na2FPO3), which is also anti-cariogenic.