8A 8B

• Unreactive; monovalent; inert gases; nobel gases; stable gases are all terms used to describe Group VIIA Noble Gases.
• Group VIIIA Noble Gases include Helium, the second most lightest gas, with toxicity symptoms including a "Donald duck-like sound" when inhaled.
• Helium is used as a carrier/diluent of medically important gases and as a component of artificial gas.
• Neon, used for advertising, is also a member of Group VIIIA Noble Gases.
• Argon, the most abundant noble gas, is used as a substitute for N2 in providing an inert atmosphere.
• Xenon, investigational with inhalatory anesthetic activity, is the least abundant of all noble gases.
• Osmium is the heaviest and densest metal, with Osmic acid and Osmium tetroxide used in staining microorganisms for microscopic study, especially electron microscopy.
• Palladium is also a catalyst in finely divided steel.
• The color of anhydrous CoBaAlO2 is pink, while the color of hydrous CoBaAlO2 is pinkish-green.
• CoBaAlO2 is also known as "Thenard’s blue".
• Platinum has a low oxidation potential and low reactivity, making it a noble metal and a catalyst in finely divided steel.
• Group VIIIB triads include Nickel, also known as "old nick’s copper", which is found in fossil fuels.
• Krypton, which have inhalational anesthetic activity, were isolated by Ramsay and Travers in liquid residues from argon.
• Radon, also known as NITON, is a synthetic noble gas used for the treatment of cervical cancer.
• The first triad of Group VIIIB Triads includes Fe, Co, Ni.
• The second triad of Group VIIIB Triads includes Rh, Ru, Pd.
• The third triad of Group VIIIB Triads includes Os, Ir, Pt.
• Iron, which is present in proteins such as Hemoglobin, Transferrin, Ferritin, and Cytochrome-oxidase enzyme, enhances the absorption of Vitamin C and Copper.
• Iron is best absorbed in the duodenum.
• Ferric carbonate, also known as chalybeate pills, is a hematinic.
• Ferric sulfate, also known as green vitriol, is the most economical and most satisfactory form of iron preparation and has the uses of hematinic and most economical and most satisfactory form of iron preparation.
• Group VIIIB triads include iron forms such as Cast iron or pig iron, which is a blast furnace product with 92-94% iron, Cementite or white cast iron, a solid solution of hard, brittle iron carbide, Gray cast iron, also known as graphite scales, where liquid iron is run into sand molds and allowed to cool, and Wrought iron, which is the removal of impurities of cast irons.
• Group VIIIB triads also include iron compounds such as Ferrous gluconate, Fergon®, and Ferrous fumarate, Toleron®, which are less irritating to the GI tract.
• Iron is used as a hematinic.
• Ferric subsulfate solution, also known as Monsel solution, is used as astringent and styptic.
• Ferric oxide makes calamine pink.
• Group VIIIB triads also include cobalt, which is essential in the development of erythrocytes and hemoglobin and is a component of vitamin B12.
• Cobaltous chloride, CoCl2, also known as lover’s ink or sympathetic ink, is used as a desiccators’ indicator.
• Ferric ferrocyanide, Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3, also known as Prussian blue, is a hematinic.
• Ferric ferricyanide, Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2, also known as Turnbull’s blue, is a hematinic.
• Iron can cause GIT distress, cardiac collapse, hemochromatosis, and toxicity.
• Iron sorbitex is a complex of iron, sorbitol, citric acid and dextrin.
• Mucosal block postulation by Hahn is the best known hypothesis of iron absorption.
• Iron is the most important element in engineering.
• Ferric ammonium sulfate, Mohr salt, is used in analytical chemistry.
• Ferric chloride is astringent and styptic and is used for the detection of tannin.
• The antidote for iron toxicity is Deferroxamine.