Reviewer For Battery Exam

• NAELGAS, GLENN MARK O is a student in BS Nursing.
• Comparing Subjective and Objective Data, Subjective Data is data elicited and verified by the client, while Objective Data is data directly or indirectly observed through measurement.
• Methods of conducting physical examination include Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, and Auscultation.
• The nursing process should be thought and implemented of as circular, not linear.
• Sample nursing process: A febrile T-39.2, increased body temperature related to presence of infection, after 30 mins of nursing intervention, the temperature of the patient will decrease from 39.2 to 37.8.
• The phases of the nursing process are: Assessment, Diagnosis (Nursing), Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.
• Good lighting, preferably sunlight, is necessary when conducting physical examination.
• Objective Data can be seen, felt, and heard from the patient, such as Vomiting, Chilling, Grimaced Face, Bleeding, Fever, Tympanic, Presence of Mass, and Cardiac Rate.
• Subjective Data consists of Sensation or Symptoms, Feelings, Perceptions, Desires, Preferences, Beliefs, Ideas, Values, and Personal Information.
• Inspection in physical examination involves using the senses of vision, smell, and hearing.
• Types of data include Subjective Data, which is collected through interview and can only be elicited and verified by the client, and Objective Data, which can be seen, felt, and heard from the patient.
• The nursing process involves analyzing and synthesizing data, making judgements about effectiveness of nursing interventions, and evaluating client care outcomes.
• The full transcription of the Battery Examination for BS Nursing in 2023 includes MC1: Anatomy and Physiology, MC2: Microbiology and Parasitology, NCM100: Theoretical Foundations in Nursing, NCM101: Health Assessment, NCM103: Fundamentals of Nursing Practice, NCM104: Community Health Nursing, NCM107: Care of Mother, Child, and Adolescent.
• Range of Motion refers to the amount of mobility that can be demonstrated in a given joint.
• Active Range of Motion is the amount of movement that can be accomplished by contracting the muscles that normally act across a joint.
• Movement of the foot toward the plantar surface, as when standing on the toes, is commonly called plantar flexion; movement of the foot toward the shin, as when walking on the heels, is called dorsiflexion.
• Flexion is a bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint to bring the articulating bones closer together.
• Hyperextension can be a normal movement, such as looking up at the stars, but it can also result in injury.
• Abduction is the movement away from the midline; adduction is the movement toward the midline.
• In the hand, abduction spreads the fingers apart, away from the midline of the hand, and adduction brings them back together.
• Medial rotation of the humerus with the forearm flexed brings the hand toward the body; lateral rotation of the humerus moves the hand away from the body.
• Circumduction is the combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction; it occurs at freely movable joints, such as the shoulder.
• Rotation is the turning of a structure around its long axis, as in rotating the head to shake the head “no” or rotating the arm or the entire body.
• Shrugging the shoulders is an example of scapular elevation.
• Angular movements involve the change in the angle between two parts of a linear structure, such as the trunk or a limb, due to the bending of one part relative to the other.
• Hyperextension is usually defined as extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees.
• Extension is a straightening movement that increases the angle of the joint to extend the articulating bones.
• Bending at the waist to one side is usually called lateral flexion of the vertebral column, rather than abduction.
• Angular movements also involve the movement of a solid rod, such as a limb, that is attached at one end to the body so that the angle at which it meets the body changes.
• The most common angular movements are flexion and extension and abduction and adduction.
• Elevation moves a structure superiorly; depression moves it inferiorly.
• Pronation and supination refer to the unique rotation of the forearm.
• Passive Range of Motion is the amount of movement that can be accomplished when the structures that meet at the joint are moved by an outside force, as when a therapist holds on to a patient’s forearm and moves it toward the arm, flexing the elbow joint.
• Viruses are the smallest of all pathogens, and replication within the host includes HIV, Varicella, Rubella, Rubeola, Mumps virus, Influenza, Ebola, Polio, Hepatitis, MERS, SARS, COVID-19.
• Vibrios are short rods with a slight curvature, are gram negative and highly motile.
• Bacilli are endospore-forming bacteria, and endospores are bacteria which produce resistant forms that can tolerate long periods of dryness or other adverse conditions.
• Candida is a yeast-like fungus that may infect a weakened host, and it may be in the skin, oral/mouth, digestive tract, vaginal tract and lungs.
• Diplococci can be gram positive or negative, are round bacteria that typically occur in the form of two joined cells.
• Streptococci are Gram positive bacteria arranged in chains, like a string of beads.
• Spiriillla are long and wavelike cells resembling a corkscrew, are gram negative bacteria.