Nomenclature

• Define Nomenclature:

  The system used for naming organic compounds
• State the first ten Alkanes:

  • Methane
  • Ethane
  • Propane
  • Butane
  • Pentane
  • Hexane
  • Heptane
  • Octane
  • Nonane
  • Decane
• State the first ten Alkenes:

  • Ethene
  • Propene
  • Butene
  • Pentene
  • Hexene
  • Heptene
  • Octene
  • Nonene
  • Decene
  • Undecene
• The Stem indicates the number of carbon atoms there are in the longest chain in a molecule
• The Prefix is added before the stem, to indicate the presence of side chains or functional groups
• The suffix is added after the stem, to indicate functional groups
• What's the prefix for a compound containing fluorine and an alkane group?

  Fluoro
• What's the prefix for a compound containing chlorine and an alkane group?

  Chloro
• What's the prefix for a compound containing bromine and an alkane group?

  Bromo
• What's the prefix for a compound containing iodine and an alkane group?

  Iodo
• What's the prefix for alcohols?

  Hydroxy
• What's the prefix for ketones?

  Oxo
• What's the prefix for amines?

  Amino
• What's the suffix for alcohols?

  ol
• What's the suffix for aldehydes?

  al
• What's the suffix for ketones?

  one
• What's the suffix for carboxylic acids?

  oic acid
• What's the suffix for nitriles?

  nitrile
• What's the suffix for amines?

  amine
• What's the suffix for acyl chlorides?

  oyl chloride
• What's the suffix for esters?

  oate
• What's the suffix for amides?

  amide
• State the functional groups that use their prefix if the suffix cannot be used:

  • alcohol
  • ketone
  • amine
• State the functional groups that can only be on terminal carbons, identified as carbon-1:

  • aldehyde
  • carboxylic acid
  • nitrile
  • acyl chloride
• Some functional groups are on carbon-1 in the chain by definition, so are always at the end. They do not need the number in their name.
• The formula for a methyl group: CH3
• Numbers are separated by commas
• Numbers and letters are separated by dashes
• If there are several branched functional groups that are the same, the numeric prefix of how many there are comes before the functional group.

  The smallest number of the carbon atom that they are on starts the name.
• The number of the carbon atom the function group is on is not needed if the group can only be on that carbon, if it was on a different carbon the number of carbons in the longest chain would change; resulting in a completely different name.
• Outline the two situations where the number of the carbon atom the functional group is on is not needed:

  When the functional group...

  • can only ever be on that carbon, if it was on a different carbon the number of carbons in the longest chain would change; resulting in a completely different name
  • is on carbon-1 in the chain by definition, so are always at the end or start
• The formula for a ethyl group: C2H5
• The functional groups are placed alphabetically in the name, ignoring the numerical prefix.
• State the first ten alkyl groups:

  • Methyl
  • Ethyl
  • Propyl
  • Butyl
  • Pentyl
  • Hexyl
  • Heptyl
  • Octyl
  • Nonyl
  • Decyl
• Name the functional group.(R is a hydrocarbon group)

  carboxylic acid

  
• Name the functional group.

  carboxyl

  
• Name the functional group. (R is a hydrocarbon group)

  Ester

  
• Name the functional group.

  amine

  
• Name the functional group.

  amide

  
• Name the functional group. (R is a hydrocarbon group)

  alcohol