Unit 3 - Aqueous Reactions

• Solvent


  A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
• Solute


  A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
• What do you call a solution (with ions) that has the ability to carry an electric current?

  Electrolyte
• What does dissociates mean?

  Breaks apart
• To what extent does a strong electrolyte dissociate?

  It 100% (completely) dissociates into ions.
• To what extent does a weak electrolyte dissociate?

  Partially dissociates into ions (less than 15%).
• To what extent does a non-electrolyte dissociate?

  Do not dissociate at all.
• All organic acids are __________ (strong, weak, non)?

  Weak
• What type of electrolytes are sugars and alcohols?

  Non-electrolytes
• Most molecular compounds are what type of electrolytes?

  Non-electrolytes
• What happens to ionic compounds in water?

  They dissociate into their ions!
• What happens to molecular compounds in water?What are the exceptions?

  They DISSOLVE but do not dissociate/do not ionize (they stay together as molecules).Acids + Weak bases
• How do you tell if something is an acid or a base on Litmus paper?

  Acid = RedBase = Blue
• How do you tell if something is an acid or a base in Phenolphthalein (phen)?

  Acid = ColorlessBase = Pink / Magenta
• How do you tell if something is an acid or a base in Bromthymol Blue (BTB)?

  Acid = YellowBase = Blue
• List the 8 strong bases.

  LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2
• List the 7 strong acids.

  HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, HClO4
• Nonelectolytes include what two classes of molecules?

  sugars and alcohols
• What is the formula for acetic acid?

  CH3COOH
• List the properties of acids.

  Neutralize bases, sour, low pH, donate H+,
• List the properties of bases.

  Neutralize acids, bitter, high pH, accept H+
• Define: oxidation number

  The charge (real or hypothetical) assigned to an atom
• What is the solubility of Br-?


  generally soluble (except w/ Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+)
• What is the solubility of Cl-?


  generally soluble (except w/ Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+)
• What is the solubility of I-?


  generally soluble (except w/ Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+)
• What is the solubility of F-?

  generally soluble (except w/ Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Mg2+)
• What is the solubility of sulfate, SO4 -2?

  soluble except with Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2, Pb+2
• What is the solubility of hydroxide, OH-?

  insoluble except alkali metals and NH4+; Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+
• What is the solubility of oxide, O-2?

  Insoluble except for Group 1 and Ca+2 and Sr+2, Ba+2. These oxides react with water to form hydroxides
• What is the solubility of sulfide, S-2?

  Insoluble except for group 1, Group 2 and NH4+
• What is the solubility of the group one metals, Li+/Na+/K+/Rb+/Cs+?

  always soluble
• What is the solubility of ammonium, NH4+?

  always soluble
• What is the solubility of nitrate, NO3-?

  always soluble
• What is the solubility of chlorate, ClO3-?

  always soluble
• Define: weak electrolyte


  a solution that conducts electricity poorly because only a fraction of the solute exists as ions
• Define: non electrolyte

  a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current( no ions just m-c)
• What is the solubility of carbonate, CO3 2-?

  Insoluble (except for group 1 and NH4+)
• What is the solubility of phosphate, PO4 3-?

  Insoluble (except for group 1 and NH4+)
• What is the solubility of sulfite, SO3 2-?

  Insoluble (except for group 1 and NH4+)
• What is the solubility of oxalate, C2O4 2-?

  Insoluble (except for group 1 and NH4+)