Biology: Non-communicable diseases

• Small cell lung cancer -

  Caused by smoking

  Fasting growing + spreads quickly

  Small under microscope
• Non-small cell lung cancer -

  3 main types

  Bigger under microscope
• How can you prevent lung cancer?

  Don’t smoke, eat healthy and exercise regularly
• What are the risks for skin cancer?

  Sun rays, sun beds, fair skin, red hair, age, family history and moles/freckles
• How can you prevent skin cancer?

  Suncream, no sun beds, use hats + sunglasses
• What is melanoma skin cancer?

  Where it can spread to other organs
• What is non melanoma skin cancer?

  When it slowly develops on skin layers
• What is cervical cancer caused by?

  HPV that is passed on through sexual contact
• What are the risks for cervical cancer?

  HPV, smoking, STI’s, overweight, family history
• How can you prevent cervical cancer?

  Condoms, HPV vaccine, get smear tests
• What is the difference between non-invasive and invasive breast cancer?

  Non-invasive can’t spread outside breast but invasive can
• How can you prevent breast cancer?

  Mammograms
• What are the risks for brain tumours?

  Age, previous cancers, smoking, alcohol, overweight
• How can you prevent brain cancer?

  Don’t drink/smoke, healthy lifestyle
• What is a key risk factor for developing breast cancer?

  Age
• What is in cigarette smoke?

  Nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar
• Nicotine harms the heart and blood vessels as increases heart rate and blood pressure
• Tar makes it more likely for smokers to develop bronchitis
• Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin and reduces oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood + is irreversible
• What can smoking during pregnancy cause?

  Premature births and stillborns
• What does alcohol do to the brain?

  Slow reaction time, difficult walking and slurred speech
• How does obesity affect your ricks of having type 2 diabetes?

  It affects the bodies ability to use insulin
• What is a carcinogen?

  A substance that increases your risk of getting cancer
• What are 3 carcinogens?

  Asbestos, tar and alchohol