first aid

• Basic Life Support (BLS) is a set of life-saving techniques that are performed in emergency situations to sustain life until professional medical help arrives.
• Choking occurs when an object becomes lodged in the throat or windpipe, blocking the flow of air.
• Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving technique used in emergencies to manually restore blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
• Bleeding is the escape of blood from the circulatory system.
• A fracture is a break or crack in a bone.
• A burn is an injury to the skin or other tissues caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, or radiation.
• A head injury is any trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain.
• Allergic reactions occur when the immune system overreacts to a normally harmless substance.
• A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, and consciousness.
• Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body does not receive enough blood flow.
• The main goal of CPR is to keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs until advanced medical help arrives.
• CPR involves a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths.
• The recommended compression rate for CPR is at least 100-120 compressions per minute.
• Rescue breaths in CPR involve giving two breaths into the person's mouth or nose, ensuring the chest rises with each breath.
• When performing CPR, it is important to place the heel of one hand on the center of the person's chest, and then place the other hand on top, interlocking the fingers.
• Head injuries can range from mild concussions to severe traumatic brain injuries.
• Common causes of head injuries include falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries, and physical assaults.
• Signs and symptoms of a head injury may include headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and loss of consciousness.
• It is important to assess the severity of a head injury and seek medical attention if necessary.
• For minor head injuries, applying ice to the affected area can help reduce swelling.
• Common signs of choking include difficulty breathing, coughing, and wheezing.
• If a person is conscious and able to cough, encourage them to continue coughing to try and dislodge the object.
• If a person is unable to cough or speak, perform the Heimlich maneuver by standing behind them, placing your arms around their waist, and applying upward pressure to the abdomen.
• If the Heimlich maneuver does not work, perform back blows and abdominal thrusts until the object is dislodged or medical help arrives.
• For infants under one year old, perform back blows and chest thrusts instead of the Heimlich maneuver.
• The primary goal of BLS is to maintain the circulation of oxygenated blood to vital organs, especially the brain and heart.
• The steps of BLS include checking for responsiveness, calling for help, opening the airway, checking for breathing, and initiating chest compressions if necessary.
• When performing chest compressions, the rate should be at least 100-120 compressions per minute, with a depth of at least 2 inches for adults.
• Rescue breaths should be given after every 30 compressions, with each breath lasting about 1 second and causing visible chest rise.
• When performing BLS on infants, the compression depth should be about 1.5 inches and the rate should be at least 100-120 compressions per minute.
• There are two types of bleeding: external bleeding, which occurs when blood exits the body through a break in the skin, and internal bleeding, which occurs when blood leaks from blood vessels inside the body.
• Direct pressure is the first step in controlling external bleeding. It involves applying firm pressure directly on the wound with a clean cloth or your hand.
• If direct pressure does not stop the bleeding, you can elevate the injured area above the level of the heart to help reduce blood flow to the area.
• Tourniquets should only be used as a last resort for severe, life-threatening bleeding that cannot be controlled by other means.
• When caring for a wound, it is important to clean the wound with mild soap and water to remove dirt and debris.
• A sprain is an injury to a ligament, which connects bones together at a joint.
• Common causes of fractures include falls, sports injuries, and car accidents.
• Common causes of sprains include twisting or wrenching a joint, such as during sports activities.
• Fractures can be classified as closed (simple) fractures, where the bone doesn't break through the skin, or open (compound) fractures, where the bone breaks through the skin.
• Sprains are classified into three grades: Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), and Grade 3 (severe).