Physics - electromagnetic waves

• Waves can be transverse (perpendicular to direction of travel) or longitudinal (parallel to direction of travel).
• The wavelength is the distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs.
• Transverse waves have crests, troughs, nodes, and antinodes.
• The speed of an electromagnetic wave is determined by the medium it travels through.
• Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz), which represents one cycle per second.
• Amplitude is the maximum displacement from equilibrium position, also known as peak-to-peak voltage.
• Period is the time taken for one full cycle of an oscillation.
• Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz), which represents the number of complete oscillations per second.
• Amplitude is the maximum displacement from equilibrium position, measured in meters (m).
• Wave velocity is the product of frequency and wavelength, measured in meters per second (m/s).
• Wave velocity is calculated using the formula v = fλ, where v is the velocity, f is the frequency, and λ is the wavelength.
• Electromagnetic radiation travels at different speeds depending on its type.
• Different types of electromagnetic radiation can be used to detect objects or measure properties such as temperature.
• Radio waves have the lowest frequencies and longest wavelengths, while gamma rays have the highest frequencies and shortest wavelengths.
• Radio waves have the longest wavelength and lowest energy, while gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and highest energy.
• Visible light has a range of frequencies that correspond to colors we see.
• Infrared radiation has lower energy than visible light but higher energy than radio waves.
• Ultraviolet radiation has higher energy than visible light but lower energy than X-rays.
• Visible light has a range of wavelengths that are visible to the human eye.
• Infrared radiation has lower frequencies than visible light but higher frequencies than radio waves.
• Infrared radiation has longer wavelengths than visible light but shorter wavelengths than radio waves.
• Ultraviolet radiation has higher frequencies than visible light but lower frequencies than X-rays.
• X-rays have higher energy than ultraviolet radiation but lower energy than gamma rays.
• X-rays are more energetic than ultraviolet radiation but less energetic than gamma rays.
• Gamma rays are emitted by unstable nuclei during nuclear decay processes.
• Gamma rays are emitted by unstable nuclei during nuclear decay.
• Electrons emit X-rays when they accelerate towards a metal target.
• X-rays have shorter wavelengths and higher energies compared to ultraviolet radiation.
• Gamma rays have even shorter wavelengths and much higher energies compared to X-rays.
• X-rays have shorter wavelengths than ultraviolet radiation but longer wavelengths than gamma rays.
• The frequency of an EM wave is directly proportional to its speed (c) and inversely proportional to its wavelength (λ).
• Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths and highest energies among all types of electromagnetic radiation.
• X-rays have higher energies than ultraviolet radiation but lower energies than gamma rays.
• Gamma rays have the highest frequency, shortest wavelength, and most energetic photons among all types of EM waves.
• This The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is directly proportional to its speed and inversely proportional to its wavelength.
• Radio waves have the lowest frequency, longest wavelength, and least energetic photons among all types of EM waves.
• The speed of an electromagnetic wave is constant at approximately 300 million meters per second (m/s) in vacuum.
• Microwaves are used for cooking food and transmitting information through satellite dishes.
• Refraction occurs when EM waves change direction due to changes in their velocity through a medium.
• Radio waves are used for communication purposes such as radio broadcasting, television signals, and mobile phones.