explanations

• What does behaviorism suggest about behavior?

  All behavior is learned via interaction with the environment
• Who is associated with classical conditioning?

  Pavlov
• Who is operant conditioning associated with?

  Skinner
• What is the two-process model in relation to phobias?

  Phobias are learned and maintained through conditioning
• How are phobias acquired according to Maurer?

  Through classical conditioning via association
• What is a neutral stimulus in classical conditioning?

  A stimulus that initially does not produce a response
• What is an unconditioned stimulus?

  A stimulus that naturally produces a fear response
• In the Little Albert study, what was the conditioned stimulus?

  The white rat
• What was the unconditioned response in the Little Albert study?

  Fear from the loud noise
• How did Little Albert learn to fear the white rat?

  By associating it with a loud noise
• What does stimulus generalization mean?

  Extending fear to similar stimuli
• How did Little Albert's fear extend beyond the white rat?

  He feared other furry objects
• What is the role of avoidance in maintaining phobias?

  Avoidance leads to feelings of relief
• What is negative reinforcement in the context of phobias?

  Removing unpleasant stimuli to feel relief
• How does operant conditioning reinforce phobias?

  By rewarding avoidance behaviors
• What is the importance of the two-process model in phobias?

  It explains acquisition and maintenance of phobias
• What are the key components of the two-process model for phobias?

  • Acquisition through classical conditioning
  • Maintenance through operant conditioning
  • Avoidance leads to negative reinforcement
  • Stimulus generalization occurs