Reproduction

• What is asexual reproduction?

  Reproduction from a single parent without gametes
• What is a key characteristic of offspring produced by asexual reproduction?

  They are genetically identical to the parent
• What type of cell division is involved in asexual reproduction?

  Mitosis
• In which organisms is asexual reproduction common?

  Single-celled organisms and some plants
• What is binary fission?

  Cell splits into two identical cells
• What is budding in yeast?

  A small part grows into a new individual
• What is vegetative propagation in plants?

  New plants grow from parts like stems
• What is sexual reproduction?

  Fusion of male and female gametes
• What is a zygote?

  A fertilized egg that develops into an organism
• What is a key advantage of sexual reproduction?

  Increases genetic variation among offspring
• What do the male reproductive system's testes produce?

  Sperm and testosterone
• Why are the testes located outside the body?

  To maintain a cooler temperature for sperm
• What is the function of the scrotum?

  Holds the testes outside the body
• What do seminal vesicles and the prostate gland do?

  Add fluid to sperm to create semen
• What is the role of the urethra in the male reproductive system?

  Transports semen through the penis
• What do ovaries produce in the female reproductive system?

  Eggs and hormones like estrogen
• What is the function of the oviducts?

  Transport the egg from ovary to uterus
• Where does fertilization usually occur in humans?

  In the oviduct (fallopian tube)
• What happens to the zygote after fertilization?

  It divides to form an embryo
• What is the menstrual cycle?

  A roughly 28-day cycle preparing for pregnancy
• What occurs during menstruation?

  The uterus lining sheds if no fertilized egg
• What hormone stimulates egg maturation in the follicular phase?

  FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
• What happens during ovulation?

  A mature egg is released from the ovary
• What does the corpus luteum release during the luteal phase?

  Progesterone to maintain the uterus lining
• What is pollination in plants?

  Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
• What is self-pollination?

  Pollen from the same flower or plant
• What is cross-pollination?

  Pollen transferred between different plants
• What happens after pollination in plants?

  A pollen tube grows to fertilize the ovule
• What does the fertilized ovule become?

  A seed
• What is the function of the ovary in a flower?

  Contains ovules (female gametes)
• What are the methods of seed dispersal?

  Wind, water, and animals
• Why is seed dispersal important?

  Reduces competition among plants
• What is germination?

  Process by which a seed grows into a new plant
• What conditions are needed for germination?

  Water, oxygen, and warmth
• What does FSH stand for?

  Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
• What is the role of FSH in reproduction?

  Stimulates egg maturation and estrogen release
• What does LH stand for?

  Luteinizing Hormone
• What does LH trigger in the reproductive cycle?

  Triggers ovulation and corpus luteum formation
• What is the function of estrogen?

  Stimulates development of uterus lining
• What does high estrogen inhibit?

  Inhibits FSH and promotes LH release