Mixtures

• • Suspensions: particles that are large enough to be seen by human eye or magnifying glass. (Heterogeneous) ex. Sand in water, chicken noodle soup.
• • Colloids: particles that are too small to see with human eye (homogeneou) ex. Milk, paint
• • Solutions: particles (molecule, atoms, or ions) of one substance are dissolved in another substance. Ex. salt water, air
  • Atoms: Na, He, Mg, Cu
  • Ions: Na, Cl (in a drawing) - Na is in a ion-dipole and is a intermolecular force
  • Molecules: polar (asymmetrical) H2O, non polar Methane (symmetrical)
• Homogenous mixture: all parts look the same throughout the sample. Ex. sugar solution, gasoline, blood plasma
• Solvent: (non polar) present in a large quantity, dissolves other components of the mixture (milk, water)
• Solute: present in a smaller quantity, is dissolved by the solvent. (ex. Matcha power)
• Miscible liquids: liquids that can be combined in any propositional (thus both liquids can be the solute or the solvent)

  • ex. 10% water , 90% ethanol
• Immiscible liquids: liquids that do not dissolve one another (neither act as solute or solvent)

  ex.) oil and water , 90% water , 10% ethanol
• • Pure substance vs. Solution
  • Pure: Always have fixed proportions. Ex. Water
  • Solution: Have variable compositions. Ex. Rubbing alcohol
  • Both: Both uniform in appearance