cognitive explanations

• Cognitive explanations can be considered reductionist because they ignore important biological, social, and emotional influences. For example, they overlook the role of dopamine or family dysfunction. A more complete understanding would come from integrating cognitive models with biological and environmental factors—such as in the diathesis-stress model.
• Cognitive models offer a useful explanation for certain symptoms of schizophrenia, especially positive symptoms like delusions and hallucinations. For example, Frith's theory suggests these occur due to faulty attention systems, such as meta-representation deficits or difficulties in central control, which explain why patients misattribute thoughts or voices as external. This gives a clear cognitive mechanism for bizarre experiences.