1.2.1 Techniques for separating mixtures

• What are the steps involved in the filtration process?

  1. Fold filter paper into a cone shape
  2. Place it in a filter funnel
  3. Pour the mixture through the filter
  4. Solid particles are trapped (residue)
  5. Liquid that passes through is collected (filtrate)
• What is the liquid that passes through the filter paper called?

  Filtrate
• Why is the filtration process used in laboratories?

  To separate mixtures like sand and water
• What are the steps involved in crystallization?

  1. Dissolve a solid in a liquid to make a solution
  2. Evaporate the liquid slowly or let the solution cool
  3. Crystals start to form as molecules rearrange
  4. Crystals grow larger over time
• What happens when sugar dissolves in hot water?

  It creates a solution that can crystallize
• Why is the crystallization process useful?

  • Allows for purification of a substance
  • Produces a solid product that can be easily separated and stored
  • Can be used to isolate a desired compound from a mixture
• What is the collected liquid from distillation called?

  Distillate
• How does the filtering process work to separate the solid and liquid components?

  • The solid and liquid mixture is poured into the filter funnel
  • The filter paper allows the liquid to pass through while trapping the solid particles
  • This separates the solid and liquid components
• What is the role of the condenser in distillation?

  To cool vapor back into liquid form
• What is the definition of crystallization?

  Formation of solid crystals from a solution
• What is the purpose of the filter funnel in the image?

  To hold the filter paper
• What are the 4 steps of the crystallization process?

  1. Dissolve the impure solid in a solvent
  2. Evaporate the solvent in an evaporation basin
  3. Allow the solution to cool to obtain crystals
  4. Filter the crystals using filter paper
• What is the first step in the crystallization process?

  Dissolve the impure solid in a solvent
• What are some applications of distillation?

  • Producing alcohol
  • Refining crude oil
  • Purifying drinking water from salt
• What is the purpose of the filter paper in the final step?

  To press the crystals and obtain them
• How does crystallization differ from filtration?

  Crystallization involves dissolving solids first
• Why is the solution heated in the evaporation basin?

  To evaporate most of the solvent
• What do we call the solid particles that are trapped by the filter paper?

  Residue
• What is the definition of filtration?

  Separation of solid from liquid using a filter
• What is the purpose of the filter paper in the filtration process?

  To trap solid particles called residue
• What is the first step in the distillation process?

  Place the liquid mixture in a distillation flask
• Why is heating necessary in the crystallization process?

  To evaporate most of the liquid
• What occurs when the water in a sugar solution evaporates?

  Crystals form as sugar molecules rearrange
• What happens to the liquid with the lower boiling point during distillation?

  It evaporates first when heated
• What substances are commonly purified using crystallization?

  Salt and sugar
• In which industries is the crystallization method commonly used?

  Food production and pharmaceutical manufacturing
• What are the main steps of the crystallization process?

  1. Create a solution by dissolving impure solid in solvent
  2. Heat to evaporate most of the liquid
  3. Cool the remaining solution to form crystals
  4. Collect pure crystals on filter paper
• What is the definition of distillation?

  Technique to separate liquid mixtures
• What role does crystallization play in pharmaceutical manufacturing?

  It purifies active ingredients for medications
• What is the final step in the crystallization process?

  Collect pure crystals on filter paper
• What occurs after the liquid with the lower boiling point evaporates in distillation?

  It is cooled and collected separately
• How does the shape and design of the filter funnel help with the filtering process?

  The tapered shape and narrow opening helps direct the flow of the filtered liquid
• How does distillation separate liquid mixtures?

  Based on differences in boiling points
• What is formed after cooling the remaining solution in crystallization?

  Crystals
• How does distillation separate liquids?

  By boiling and condensing them based on boiling points
• What are the steps in the distillation process?

  1. Place liquid mixture in a distillation flask
  2. Heat the flask to evaporate the lower boiling point liquid
  3. Vapor travels through a condenser to cool
  4. Collect the liquid distillate in a receiver
• How does crystallization help in food production?

  It purifies substances like salt and sugar
• What is the first step in the crystallization process?

  Create a solution by dissolving impure solid
• What is the first step in the filtration process?

  Fold filter paper into a cone shape
• What is the purpose of distillation?

  To separate liquids based on boiling points