Digestive system

• The liver is the largest internal organ and plays a key role in digestion and metabolism.
• Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that breaks down proteins in the small intestine.
• The pancreas produces enzymes that help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the small intestine.
• Bile produced by the liver helps to emulsify fats and neutralize stomach acid.
• The pancreas produces enzymes that aid in digestion, including amylase (carbohydrates), lipase (fats), and proteases (proteins).
• The gallbladder stores bile until it is needed during digestion.
• Lipase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that breaks down lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol.
• Amylase is an enzyme found in saliva and pancreatic juice that hydrolyzes starch into maltose, glucose, and other sugars.
• The large intestine absorbs water from undigested food residues and forms feces.
• In the stomach, food is mechanically digested by churning actions
• The first section of the small intestine, duodenum is where chemical digestion by enzymes happens.
• The second section of the small intestine, ileum, is where food molecules are absorbed. It is vascular (have capillaries to take and transport nutrients)
• Amino acid being broken down is called deaminated and produces urea
• Emulsification of fats by bile is an example of mechanical digestion, because larger surface area allows lipase to chemically break down lipids faster.
• A Balanced diet is a diet that contains all required nutrients in suitable proportions & the right amount of energy.
• A- Enamel

  B- Dentine

  C- Nerves

  D- Pulp cavity

  E- Cement

  F- Gum

  G- Jawbone

  H- blood capillaries

  
• Incisor- chisel shaped & used for biting off pieces of food
• Premolar- 2 points with 1 or 2 roots, used for tearing and grinding food
• Molar- 2-4 roots, used for chewing and grinding food
• 2 types of protease are pepsin and trypsin
• Vitamin C is for skin, hair and gums, deficiency causes scurvy
• Vitamin D is for strong bones and teeth deficiency causes rickets (soft bones, deformation)
• Mechanical digestion - the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules
• Chemical digestion - the breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules
• Absorption - the movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood
• Assimilation - the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells
• Egestion - the passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed, as faeces, through the anus
• Microvilli on the surface of the villus further increase surface area for faster absorption of nutrients
• Villi is Well supplied with a network of blood capillaries that transport glucose and amino acids away from the small intestine in the blood
• • Lacteal runs through the centre of the villus to transport fatty acids and glycerol away from the small intestine in the lymph