Social change

• What is social change?

  Adoption of new beliefs or behaviors as norms
• How did the Suffragettes contribute to social change?

  They made women voting a societal norm
• What are the steps of minority influence in social change?

  1. Attention to the issue
  2. Consistency in message
  3. Cognitive conflict for deeper processing
  4. Augmentation Principle
  5. Snowball effect
  6. Social cryptomnesia
• What is social cryptomnesia?

  Memory of change without recalling how it happened
• How does conformity influence social change?

  It can reduce conformity levels through dissent
• What did Zimbardo suggest about obedience and social change?

  Obedience can create change through gradual commitment
• How does gradual commitment affect behavior according to Zimbardo?

  Small instructions lead to larger obedience
• What are the advantages of social change research?

  • Support for normative influences
  • Explanation of minority influence
  • Evidence from Zimbardo's research
• What are the disadvantages of social change research?

  • Resistance to social change
  • Limited effectiveness of normative influence
  • Indirect effectiveness of minority influence
• What did Jessica Nolan et al (2008) find about energy usage habits?

  Conformity can lead to reduced energy usage
• What did Nemeth (2009) claim about minority influence?

  It inspires divergent thinking for better decisions
• What did Nadia Bashir et al (2013) find about environmental behavior?

  People resist behaving environmentally friendly
• What did David Foxcroft et al (2015) conclude about social norms interventions?

  They show limited long-term effectiveness
• Why is minority influence considered indirectly effective?

  Majority influence typically prevails in society
• What did Diane Mackie (1987) find about deeper processing?

  Majority influence creates deeper processing, not minorities
• What challenges the validity of minority influence in social change?

  • Majority influence may cause deeper processing
  • Minority influence may not be effective