1.5.2.1 Proximity

• In Milgram's obedience studies, what does proximity mean for the teacher and learner?

  It refers to how near the teacher is to the learner
• What are the potential advantages and disadvantages of each type of controller design?

  Advantages of buttons and dials (E):

  • Precise control over time-based functions

  Disadvantages of buttons and dials (E):

  • May be less intuitive for controlling multiple settings

  
  

  Advantages of buttons and lights (L):

  • Intuitive for controlling multiple settings

  Disadvantages of buttons and lights (L):

  • Less precise control over time-based functions
• If you wanted to control a device with multiple settings, which controller would you likely use?

  The controller with buttons and lights (L) would likely be used to control a device with multiple settings or options.
• What was the physical arrangement of participants in Milgram's original experiment?

  Teacher and experimenter in the same room
• How does proximity affect the teacher's awareness of the learner's pain?

  The closer the teacher, the more aware they are
• How do the two controllers differ in their design?

  One has buttons and dials, the other has buttons and lights
• How do the two controllers differ in their design and functionality?

  • The controller with buttons and dials (E) appears to be for controlling time-based functions
  • The controller with buttons and lights (L) appears to be for controlling a device with multiple settings or options
• What does the term "proximity" refer to in obedience studies?

  Closeness to someone or something
• How did the role of the teacher and learner differ in the Milgram experiment?

  The teacher had to force the learners hand onto a shock plate
• Why was the experiment described in the image conducted in a run down building?

  The experiment took place in a run down building
• What happened to obedience when the teacher had to force the learner's hand onto a shock plate?

  Obedience fell to 30%
• How did the location and authority structure impact obedience in the Milgram experiment?

  • Conducting the experiment in a run-down building (48%) decreased obedience compared to a legitimate authority location
  • Having the teacher and learner in the same room (40%) decreased obedience compared to the teacher being separated from the learner
• What was the obedience rate observed in Milgram's original experiment?

  • 65% obedience rate
  • Influenced by proximity of participants
• What percentage of participants administered the shock when someone else was in charge?

  92.5%
• What are the key variables in the Milgram experiment?

  • Agentic State (92.5%)
  • Proximity (Learner) (40% and 30%)
  • Proximity (Authority Figure) (21%)
  • Uniform & Legitimate Authority (20%)
  • Location & Legitimate Authority (48%)
• How did the proximity of the teacher to the learner affect obedience in Milgram's study?

  Obedience dropped as the teacher got closer
• How did the proximity between the teacher and learner affect obedience rates in Milgram's experiment?

  Moderate proximity likely contributed to 65% obedience
• What is the formula to calculate magnification?

  Magnification = size of image / size of real object
• What does the power-law distribution indicate about relationships?

  Closer relationships are more common and stronger.
• Which controller would be better suited for controlling a device with multiple settings?

  The controller with buttons and lights (L)
• What are the two different controllers shown in the image?

  • Controller with buttons and dials (E)
  • Controller with buttons and lights (L)
• Who were the main participants in Milgram's original experiment?

  Teacher (T), experimenter (E), learner (L)
• How does cultural background influence obedience in collectivist societies?

  Proximity may increase obedience due to group cohesion
• What did Milgram's variations on proximity show about obedience?

  Obedience decreased as proximity increased
• If you wanted to study the detailed surface features of a cell, which type of microscope would you use?

  Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
• What is the relationship between the teacher's proximity to the authority figure and obedience?

  Closer proximity increases likelihood of obedience
• What is the first derivative of $x^2$?


  $2x$
• How do individuals in individualistic societies respond to orders causing harm?


  They are likely to resist following such orders
• How would giving a speech change if the person being insulted is present?

  You’re less likely to proceed with the speech
• What are the key differences between the long-range, short-range, and sampled long-range connection types shown in the plot?

  • Long-range connections have the highest number of links (link weight) compared to the other two.
  • Short-range connections have the lowest number of links.
  • Sampled long-range connections have an intermediate number of links between long-range and short-range.
• What is the resolution limit of a light microscope according to the image?

  0.2 µm
• What are the key findings from the Milgram experiment?

  • Majority of participants (92.5%) administered the shock when someone else was in charge (Agentic State)
  • Proximity to the learner and authority figure influenced obedience levels
  • Uniform and legitimate authority also increased obedience
• How does proximity affect awareness of consequences in obedience?

  It increases awareness of the consequences
• What is the difference between long-range and short-range connections?

  • Long-range connections have a larger link weight (number of links) compared to short-range connections.
  • Short-range connections are more localized, while long-range connections span larger distances.
• What is the impact of physical distance in social networks?

  It affects interactions between people.
• What letter is shown on the controller with buttons and dials?

  E
• What is the difference in giving a speech to someone present versus online?

  Presence increases hesitation to insult
• What are the three types of connections shown in the image?

  long-range, short-range, and sampled long-range
• What type of societies emphasize personal autonomy?

  Individualistic societies
• How does the concept of proximity affect obedience differently in collectivist versus individualistic cultures?

  Collectivist cultures see increased obedience, individualistic cultures see decreased obedience