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2 Organisation
2.3 Plant Tissues, Organs & Systems
2.3.2 The Plant Organ System
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What is transpiration?
Transpiration is the
process
where
plants
release
water
vapour
into the
atmosphere
, usually through their leaves.
What is transpiration caused by?
Evaporation
and
diffusion.
What are the three steps of transpiration?
Evaporation
occurs at the
leaves
.
A slight
shortage
of
water
is caused at the
leaves
so
more
water
is drawn up from the
rest
of the
plant
through the
xylem
vessels to
replace
it.
This means more
water
is drawn up from the
roots,
and so there’s a
constant
transpiration
stream
of
water
through the
plant.
What is transpiration a side effect of?
Photosynthesis.
Where does the water escape from in transpiration?
The
stomata.
What do phloem tubes transport?
Sugars
and other
nutrients.
What are phloem tubes made of?
Columns
of
elongated living cells
with
small pores
in the
end walls
to allow
cell sap
to flow through.
Why does the phloem transport food?
For
immediate use
or
storage.
What is cell sap?
A
liquid
made up of the
substances
being
transported
and
water.
What is translocation?
The
movement
of
dissolved sugars
around a
plant.
What do xylem tubes do?
Take water up
the
plant.
What are xylem cells made of?
Dead cells joined end to end
with
no end walls between them
and a
hole down the middle.
They are
strengthened
with a
material
called
lignin.
Where does water go from and to in a xylem tube?
The
roots
to the
stem
and
leaves.
What is the transpiration stream?
The
movement
of
water
from a
plant’s roots
, through the
xylem
and out of the
leaves.
What factors affect transpiration?
Humidity
-
drier
air
= faster transpiration.
Temperature
-
warmer
= faster transpiration.
Air
flow
-
better
= faster transpiration.
Light
intensity
-
brighter
= faster transpiration.