Transport Across Membraines

• The concentration gradient is the difference between the concentrations on either side of the membrane.
• Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
• Osmosis is movement of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.
• Active transport requires energy input (ATP) and moves substances against their concentration gradients.
• Turgid: A plant cell that has a high water potential and is swollen.
• Plasmolysed: The process of cell lysis in which the cell membrane is broken down and the contents of the cell are released.
• Passive transport does not require any energy input and occurs when there is no change in the direction of the concentration gradient.