Cellular organisation

• Xylem- transport water and minerals as well as provide structural support. They are long cylinders made of dead tissue with open ends. Xylem vessels are thickened with a tough substance called lignin. They consist of parenchyma, fibres and vessels and are produced by meristem cells which produce smaller cells that elongate
• Phloem - tubes made of living cells which are involved in translocation which is the movement of food substances and nutrients from leaves to storage organs and growing plants of the plant. The meristem tissue produces cells that elongate and line up end-to-end to form a long tube
• Phloem - . Their ends do not break down completely but

  produce perforated structures known as sieve plates. Metabolically active companion cells are located next to sieve plates and are involved in mediating the movement of photosynthesis products upwards and downwards in the tubes.
• Epithelial – sheet of cells that serves as a lining/cover a surface. There are two types, squamous which are smooth, flat and very thin, fitting closely together to create a smooth surface, such as the lining of blood vessels and cheeks.
• Epithelial - Whereas ciliated epithelium is composed of column shaped cells containing cilia which form the lining of structures such as trachea and bronchi. The cilia move together to move the mucus produced by goblet cells along. Ciliated epithelium is also found in the oviducts
• Connective – involved in providing support and holding various structures together, examples include cartilage and bone
• Muscle – specialised for movement through contraction
• Nervous – specialised for impulse conduction