animal studies

• What type of research did Lorenz conduct with geese?

  Imprinting research
• What did Lorenz's geese research demonstrate about imprinting?

  Species attach to the first moving object
• What did Lorenz use to study imprinting?

  A large clutch of goose eggs
• What was the control condition in Lorenz's experiment?

  Hatched in the presence of their mother
• What was the experimental condition in Lorenz's experiment?

  Hatched in an incubator without mother
• What happened when the two groups of geese were mixed together?

  They followed Lorenz instead of their mother
• What critical period did Lorenz identify for imprinting?

  Starts at 3 hours, ends at 30 hours
• How might imprinting be explained by evolution?

  It helps vulnerable animals survive and reproduce
• What behavior did Lorenz observe in birds that imprinted on humans?

  They displayed courtship behavior towards humans
• What case study did Lorenz describe regarding sexual imprinting?

  A peacock reared with giant tortoises
• What did Guiton's study with chicks demonstrate about imprinting?

  Chicks imprinted on yellow rubber gloves
• What did Regolin & Vallortigara's study show about chicks?

  Chicks followed original shape combinations closely
• What is a strength of Lorenz's research on imprinting?

  It has further research support
• What is a limitation of Lorenz's research?

  Findings may not generalize to humans
• What does reciprocal attachment mean in humans?

  Both parent and child influence attachment
• How does human attachment differ from Lorenz's findings?

  Humans have a mutual attachment process
• What type of monkeys did Harlow use in his research?

  Rhesus monkeys
• What did Harlow observe about monkeys and blankets?

  Monkeys became attached to the blankets
• What was the purpose of Harlow's surrogate mother experiment?

  To test attachment to soft objects
• What did Harlow find about the monkeys' preferences?

  Preferred the cloth mother over the wire mother
• What happened when a scary monster was introduced to the baby monkeys?

  They ran to the cloth mother for comfort
• What were the long-term effects of maternal deprivation in Harlow's monkeys?

  More aggressive and less sociable as adults
• What critical period did Harlow identify for attachment formation?

  Within 90 days after birth
• What ethical concern arose from Harlow's research?

  Monkeys suffered emotional harm
• How did Harlow's research influence child care practices?

  Emphasized importance of emotional care
• What is the cost-benefit analysis of Harlow's research?

  Benefits justify the ethical costs
• What are the key findings of Lorenz's imprinting research?

  • Imprinting occurs in a critical period
  • Species attach to the first moving object
  • Imprinting influences adult mate preferences
• What are the key findings of Harlow's monkey research?

  • Monkeys prefer soft objects for comfort
  • Maternal deprivation leads to long-term dysfunction
  • Critical period for attachment is 90 days
• What behavior did birds imprinted on humans display later?

  Courtship behavior towards humans
• What did Lorenz investigate regarding imprinting?

  The relationship between imprinting and mate preferences
• What animal did Lorenz describe in his case study?

  A peacock
• What did the peacock in Lorenz's study court?

  Giant tortoises
• What is a strength of Lorenz's research?

  Further research support for imprinting
• What did Guiton (1966) find in his study with chicks?

  Chicks imprinted on yellow rubber gloves
• What did Replin & Vallongara (1995) study about chicks?

  Chicks followed moving shape combinations
• What does Lorenz's research suggest about young animals?

  They have an innate mechanism to imprint
• What is a limitation of Lorenz's research regarding generalization?

  Findings may not apply to humans
• How does human attachment differ from Lorenz's findings?

  Human attachment is reciprocal
• What relationship did Lorenz focus on in his research?

  A one-way relationship from chick to parent
• What is the critical period for attachment in chicks according to Lorenz?

  Birth to 30 hours