Spleen, Stomach, And Pancreas

• A spleen is a small organ behind the stomach and below the lungs. It stores and filters blood. It also screens the blood and removes any old or damaged red blood cells. Produces white blood cells
• Stomach is a J-shaped organ that lies beneath the diaphragm. It mechanically breaks down food and mixes it with gastric secretions to produce a thick, liquid mixture known as chyme.
• 2 types of Mechanical digestion:

  peristaltic mixing

  propulsion.
• 5 areas of the stomach:

  Cardia

  Fundus

  Body

  Antrum

  Pylorus
• 1. The cardia is the first part of the stomach, which is connected to the esophagus. It contains the cardiac sphincter, which is a thin ring of muscle that helps to prevent stomach contents from going back up into the esophagus.
• The fundus is the top, rounded area that lies to the left of the cardia.
• The body is the largest and main part of the stomach. This is where food is mixed and starts to break down.
• 1. The antrum is the lower part of the stomach. It holds the broken-down food until it is ready to move into the small intestine.
• The pylorus is the part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine. It includes the pyloric sphincter, which is a thick ring of muscle that acts as a valve to control the emptying of stomach contents (chyme) into the duodenum (first part of the small intestine).
• • Pancreas has 2 major functions:
  • Exocrine function
  • Endocrine function
• The Exocrine Function It plays a role in digestion. It is responsible for secretion of digestive enzymes which help in digestion.

  • Amylase – breaks down carbohydrates
  • Lipase – breaks down fats
  • Protease – breaks down proteins
• The Endocrine Function

  • It regulates blood sugar.

  Produces and releases insulin and glucagon.