2.3 Cell Division and replication

• Mitosis


  process where a single cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells
• Purpose of mitosis

  growth and to replace worn out cells
• Consequences of mistakes being made during mitosis

  changes in DNA, can lead to genetic disorders
• The 5 phases of mitosis

  interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
• interphase


  -DNA copied-2 centrosomes outside nucleus-microtubules extend from centrosomes
• prophase


  -chromosomes condense-each chromosome has 2 sister chromatids-chromosomes pair up-nuclear membrane dissolves-mitotic spindle extends across the cell
• Metaphase


  Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
• Anaphase


  sister chromatids separate
• telophase


  membrane forms around the separated chromosomescell pinches in the middle
• 3 phases of binary fission

  DNA replication, chromosomal segregation, separation
• DNA replication


  copies the singular, circular chromosome
• Chromosomal segregation


  separates chromosomes through it attaching to different parts of the bacterial cell membrane
• Separation


  splits cytoplasm