AGRI 42 LAB

• white maize: most important substitute

  staple in rice shortage
• corn is the second largest crop grown in the Philippines
• yellow corn: used as animal feed, industrial raw material (ethanol), food processing ingredient
• Parts of a corn plant

  Tassel- the male part of the corn plant that contains the pollen and is located at the top of the corn plant

  Ear - female inflorescence

  Silk - style

  Leaf

  Stalk/stem

  Root
• Insect Pests Classification

  1. Based on Mouthparts - chewing, sucking, boring
  2. Based on Host Plants - grains, crucifer, cucurbits, solanaceous, legumes, fruit crops, plantation, rootcrops, stored products
  3. Based in Damage to Crops - defoliators, transmit diseases, bore holes on stems, leaves, & fruits, leaf folders/rollers, discolorations/deformations, stunted growth
• Insect Pests Major Representatives

  1. Protista moesta - common grass derbid, nymph & adult, loss of plant vigor; vector; galling
• 2. Melicodes tenebrosa - grasshopper, nymph, adult, bore holes on stem, leaves and fruit defoliation
• 3. Phaneroptera sp. - common katydid, nymph, adult, bore holes on stems, leaves and fruits defoliation
• 4. Chrysodeixis sp. - commono semilooper, larvae, bore holes on leaves
• 5. Spodoptera litura - common cutworm, larvae, bore holes on stems
• Spodopter frugiperda - fall armyworm, larvae, bore holes on leaves; defoliation
• Ostrinia furnacalis - asiatic corn borer, larvae, boring into stalks
• Peregrinus maidis - corn planthopper, nymph and adult, droplets of honeydew
• Atherigona sp. - corn seedling maggot, larvae, leaf lesions
• Rhopalosiphum maidis - corn aphid, nymph and adult, sooty molds
• Aulacophora indica - squash beetle, nymph and adult, sooty molds
• Helicoverpa armigera - corn earworm, larvae, feeds on tassels and ears
• Leucopholis irrorata - june beetle, larvae and adult, root pruning
• Puccina polysora - corn leaf rust, small and circular blisters
• Ustilago maydis - corn smut, galls on aboveground parts
• Perenosclerospora sp. - downy mildew, white/yellow streaks at the BASE then on the entire leaf blade
• Rhizoctonia solani - sheath blight, oval gray lesions
• Diplodia sp. - ear rot, straw-colored lesions from the base of the ear
• Erwinia sp. - bacterial stalk rot, eventual wilting of lowermost leaves
• Maize dwarf mosaic virus - corn mosaic, Narrow, pale yellow streaks on leaves parallel to leaf vein
• Dactyloctenium aegypsium - crowfoot grass
• Eleusine indica - goosegrass
• Paspalidium flavidum - paspalidium
• Rottboellia cochinchinensis - itch grass
• Imperata cylindrica - cogon grass
• Cyperus rotundus - purple nutsedge
• Ageratum conyzoides - tropic ageratum
• Celosia argentea - celosia, cock's comb
• Cleome rutidosperma - spindletop
• Euphorbia hirta - tawa-tawa, garden spurge
• Heliotropium indicum - indian heliotrope
• Ipomea triloba - three-lobed morning glory
• Portulaca oleracea - common purslane
• Synedrella nodiflora - synedrella
• Amaranthus spinosus - spiny amaranth