Angiosperms

• Angiosperms (flowering plants)

  • comes from the Greek words angeion meaning "redeptacle" and sperma meaning seed
  • have flowers as their reproductive organ (stamen as the male part and carpel as the female part)
  • Gymnosperms have flat leaves
  • They have hard woods and are used a food, clothing, and medicine
  • They are seasonal, so they die during autumn
  • They range from a tiny herb, parasitic vines, to gigantic trees
• BASAL ANGIOSPERMS

  • shares the characteristics of both monocots and dicots
  • Magnoliidae
  • Laurales
  • Nymphaeales
  • Piperales
• Magnoliidae

  • represented by the magnolias: tall trees bearing large, fragrant flowers that have many parts and are considered archaic (very old fashioned)
• Laurales

  • produce fragrant leaves and small, inconspicuous flowers
  • grow mostly in warmer climates and are small trees and shrubs

  familiar plants in this group includes

  • bay laurel
  • cinnamon
  • spice bush
  • avocado tree
• Nymphaeales

  • comprised of the water lilies, lotus, and similar plants
  • all species thrive in freshwater biomes and have leaves that float on the water surface or grow underwater
  • water lilies are particularly prized by gardeners and have graced ponds and pools for thousands of years.
• Piperales

  • group of herbs, shrubs, and small trees that grow in the tropical climates
  • have small flowers without petals that are tightly arranged in long spikes
  • many species are the source of prized fragrance or spices
  • examples are berries of Piper nigrum are the familiar black peppercorns that are used to flavor many dishes
• MONOCOTS

  • vascular tissue of the stem is not arranged in any particular pattern
  • root system is mostly adventitious and unusually positioned, with no major tap root
  • include familiar plants such as the true lilies (which are the origin of their alternate name: Liliopsida), orchids, grasses, and palms
  • many important crops are monocots, such as rice and other cereals, corn, sugar cane, and tropical fruits like bananas and pineapples
• MONOCOTS

  • primarily identified by the presence of a single cotyledon in the seedling
  • include veins that run parallel to the length of the leaves and flower parts that are arranged in a three- or six-fold symmetry
  • no true woody tissue
  • in palm trees, vascular and parenchyma tissues produced by the primary and secondary thickening of meristems form the trunk; te pollen from the first angiosperms was monosulcate, containing a single furrow or pore through the outer layer
• EUDICOTS

  • can be herbaceous (like grasses), or produce woody tissues
  • most produce pollen that is trisulcate or triporate, with three furrows or pores
  • root system is usually anchored by one main root developed from the embryonic radicle
  • comprise two-thirds of all flowering plant
• EUDICOTS

  • characterized by the presence of two cotyledons in the developing shoot
  • true dicots, are characterized by the presence of two cotyledons in the developing shoot
  • veins form a network in leaves, while flower parts come in four, five, or many whorls
  • vascular tissue forms a ring in the stem whereas in monocots, vascular tissue is scattered in the stem