3.4.2.2 Internal Working Model

• What does IWM stand for?

  Internal Working Model
• How might a positive IWM affect adult relationships?

  It leads to trust and security
• What are the potential outcomes of different IWMs?

  • Positive IWM: Trust, security, healthy relationships
  • Negative IWM: Insecurity, anxiety, difficulty in relationships
• What effect does the Internal Working Model have on expectations?

  It shapes what you expect from others
• What is one function of the Internal Working Model related to self-esteem?

  It influences your perception of worthiness
• What is the effect of a negative Internal Working Model on relationships?

  • Leads to insecurity in relationships
  • Difficulty in trusting others
• What could inconsistent care in childhood lead to in adulthood?

  Insecurity and anxiety about relationships
• What can a positive IWM lead to in terms of relationships?

  Expectation and trust in others
• What might be the outcome for someone who felt supported in childhood regarding trust in relationships?

  • Likely to trust others
  • Expect support in future relationships
• What is the outcome of having a negative Internal Working Model?

  Feeling insecure and unsure about relationships
• What might be the outcome for someone who felt neglected in childhood regarding self-esteem?

  • Might struggle to trust others
  • May have low self-esteem
• How does the Internal Working Model guide interactions?

  It helps you understand behavior in relationships
• What does the Internal Working Model (IWM) influence in future relationships?

  Expectations, trust, and self-esteem
• What did Main and Solomon discover about attachment styles?

  Children can have different styles with different caregivers
• In what way does the Internal Working Model influence self-esteem?

  It influences how you see your worthiness of love
• What is the Internal Working Model (IWM)?

  A psychological framework for understanding relationships
• What does the Internal Working Model include?

  Beliefs, expectations, and understandings
• What is a key criticism of the Internal Working Model?

  Its rigid application to all relationships
• What is one function of the Internal Working Model related to expectations?

  It shapes expectations based on past experiences
• What is the function of the Internal Working Model?

  It serves as a mental template for relationships
• What is the Internal Working Model based on?

  Early relationships with primary caregivers
• What is the effect of a positive Internal Working Model on relationships?

  • Expectation of support from others
  • Trust in romantic and platonic relationships
• What does a positive Internal Working Model lead to?

  Belief in being worthy of love and trust
• What evidence supports the Internal Working Model?

  • Hazan and Shaver's study shows correlation between childhood attachment styles and adult relationships.
  • Secure attachment histories lead to more satisfying, longer-lasting relationships.
• What is one function of the Internal Working Model related to interactions?

  It guides how to behave in relationships
• What methodological limitations weaken the evidence for IWM?

  Reliance on self-report and retrospective recall bias
• How does the Internal Working Model function in relationships?

  It acts as a blueprint from early caregiver interactions
• What are the functions of the Internal Working Model?

  • Guides self-worth in relationships
  • Sets expectations for relationships
  • Influences how to treat others
• What can a negative IWM lead to in terms of relationships?

  Insecurity and difficulty trusting others
• What happens if a caregiver provides consistent warmth and support?

  A positive Internal Working Model develops
• How do individuals with secure attachment histories fare in relationships?

  They report more satisfying and longer-lasting relationships
• How does consistent comfort in childhood influence adult relationships?

  It fosters trust and security in relationships
• What are the limitations of applying the Internal Working Model rigidly?

  • The rigid application overlooks individual differences.
  • Requires further nuanced research for better understanding.
• What did Hazan and Shaver's study find?

  Correlation between childhood attachment and adult relationships
• How does early caregiver interaction shape the Internal Working Model?

  It influences expectations and trust in relationships
• What evidence challenges the Internal Working Model?

  • Main and Solomon found children can develop different attachment styles with different caregivers.
  • This challenges the idea of a single IWM governing all relationships.
• How is the Internal Working Model formed?

  Through interactions with the primary caregiver
• Why is further research needed on the Internal Working Model?

  To address its limitations and individual differences
• What does the Internal Working Model (IWM) serve to do?

  It serves three important functions