Self-report techniques

• What are self-report techniques in research methods?

  Methods where participants report their own experiences
• What is a questionnaire?

  A list of predetermined questions for participants
• How do respondents behave in self-reports compared to interviews?

  They may share more personal information
• What is social desirability bias?

  When respondents present themselves in a positive light
• How does social desirability bias differ between self-reports and interviews?

  Less chance of bias in self-reports
• What is an interview in research methods?

  Face-to-face interaction between interviewer and interviewee
• What is a structured interview?

  Interviews with predetermined questions in fixed order
• What is a key advantage of structured interviews?

  They are easy to replicate due to standardization
• What is a disadvantage of structured interviews?

  Interviewers cannot deviate from the questions
• What characterizes unstructured interviews?

  They have no set questions and allow free discussion
• What is a benefit of unstructured interviews?

  They provide greater flexibility in discussion
• What is a disadvantage of unstructured interviews?

  They are difficult to replicate and lack structure
• What are semi-structured interviews?

  Interviews with some predetermined questions but flexibility
• What is the purpose of an interview schedule?

  To standardize questions and reduce bias
• How can rapport affect interviews?

  It can increase the likelihood of participants opening up
• What should be avoided when designing questionnaires?

  Avoid jargon, double-barreled, and leading questions
• What are closed questions in questionnaires?

  Questions with limited response choices
• What is a benefit of closed questions?

  They are easier to analyze and compare
• What is a disadvantage of closed questions?

  They may not represent true feelings
• What are open questions in questionnaires?

  Questions that allow respondents to express their thoughts
• What is a benefit of open questions?

  They provide richer and more detailed information
• What is a disadvantage of open questions?

  They are difficult to analyze due to variability
• What are the key considerations when designing questionnaires?

  • Avoid jargon
  • Avoid double-barreled questions
  • Avoid leading questions
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of different interview types?

  Strengths:

  • Structured: Easy to replicate
  • Unstructured: Greater flexibility and insight
  • Semi-structured: Balance of both

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Structured: Limited depth
  • Unstructured: Difficult to replicate
  • Semi-structured: Potential for bias
• What types of data do closed and open questions produce?

  • Closed questions: Quantitative data
  • Open questions: Qualitative data