Hormonal coordination

• What is the difference between hormonal and non-hormonal contraception?

  Hormonal contraception uses hormones, non-hormonal does not
• What hormone is associated with ovulation on day 14?

  Luteinising hormone (LH)
• What does LH cause during ovulation?

  It causes an egg to be released
• What happens to the egg after it is released?

  It travels down the oviduct
• What is mentioned about "vitro fertilisation"?

  It is a method related to infertility treatment
• What organ is associated with the production of testosterone?

  Testes
• The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete chemicals called hormones into the bloodstream. The blood carries the hormones to a targeted organ where an effect is produced
• The pituitary gland is located on the brain, known as the ‘master gland’ because it secretes several hormones. These hormones then act on other glands to stimulate the release of other hormones, and bringing about effects.
• Negative feedback systems work to maintain a steady state, for example blood glucose, water, and thyroxine levels. The pancreas is an example of negative feedback as it switches between the production of insulin and glucagon to control the blood glucose levels.
• From the top to the bottom of the body, the glands are the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, the adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries and testis.
• Pituitary glands control growth in children, stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroxine, stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen and release an egg, and stimulates the testes to make sperm and testosterone
• The thyroid glands control the rate of metabolism the body
• The pancreas controls blood glucose levels
• Adrenal glands prepare the body for stress and involve the ‘fight or flight’ response
• Ovaries control the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and control the menstrual cycle
• Testes control the development of male secondary sexual characteristics and the production of sperm
• During the menstrual cycle, the pituitary gland releases FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) which causes the egg to mature in the ovaries and stimulate the ovaries to produce oestrogen. The pituitary gland also releases LH (luteinising hormone) which stimulates the release of mature eggs from the ovaries during ovulation. The ovaries release oestrogen, causing the lining of the uterus wall to thicken, inhibits the release of FSH and stimulates the release of LH. The ovaries also release progesterone, maintaining the thick uterus lining and inhibits the release of FSH and LH