Genito-Urinary Tract System Agents

• Kidneys filter blood and in formation of urine
• nephrons is the functional unit of kidney
• glomerular filtration is the renal process where fluids in the blood is filtered across the capillaries of the glomerulus
• Normal GFR is 1-2mL per second or 60-120 mL/min
• Filtrate volume/day in female is 150L
• Filtrate volume/day in male is 180L
• Glomerular filtration rate is the flow of plasma from the glomerulus into Bowman's space over a specific period
• GFR is the chief measure of kidney function
• 2 phases of urinary bladder: to fill and to empty
• Anuria is the complete absence of urine formation with <100 mL/day
• Oliguria is the decreased urine output with <300mL/day
• Enuresis is the involuntary or uncontrolled urination
• Diurnal enuresis is day time uncontrolled urination
• Nocturnal enuresis is the nightime uncontrolled urination aka bed wetting
• polyuria is the overproduction of urine by the kidneys with >3000mL/day
• Azotemia is the increased BUN and serum creatinine levels
• urethritis is the inflammation in the urethra
• cystitis is the common type of UTI and causing an inflammation in the bladder
• prostatitis is the inflammation in the prostate gland
• Diuretics or water pill increase production of urine
• Aquaretics is the excretion of water except electrolytes
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used to treat gout and kidney stones
• Carbonic anhydrase are seldom used, weakest
• Thiazide diuretics MOA is to act on the arterioles to cause vasodilation
• Loop diuretics MOA are high ceiling diuretics/high efficacy