Chemical changes

• What ions do acids produce in aqueous solutions?

  H+
• What ions do alkalis produce in aqueous solutions?

  OH-
• What is a base?

  Any substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only
• What are bases called that are soluble in water?

  Alkalis
• What are bases called that are insoluble in water?

  Acids
• What is a neutralisation reaction?

  The reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water
• How can a neutral solution be produced in a neutralisation reaction?

  If the correct amounts of acid and alkaline react together
• What can be used to measure the pH of a solution?

  A pH probe/meter or universal indicator
• State the products of an acid reacting with a metal

  Salt and hydrogen
• What are the products of a reaction when magnesium, zinc or iron reaction with sulfuric acid?

  Salt and hydrogen
• What is a redox reaction?

  When Reduction and oxidation take place at the same time
• What are the products of a reaction with an acid and a metal oxide?

  Salt and water
• What are the products of a reaction between an acid and an alkali?

  Salt and water
• What are the products of a reaction between an acid and a carbonate?

  Salt, water and carbon dioxide
• What is the charge on a Salt and why?

  No charge, since the sum of the charges on their ions is equal to zero.
• What insoluble reactants can be reacted with acid used to produce a soluble salt

  • Metal
  • Metal oxide
  • Metal hydroxide
  • Carbonate
• Why do chemist's usually make salts by reacting a metal oxide or a metal carbonate with an acid?

  As the reaction between metals and acids produces flammable hydrogen
• State how to make a soluble salt from an acid and an insoluble reactant?

  • Add powdered insoluble reactant to acid in a beaker. Continue adding powder until it is in excess
  • Filter the mixture in the beaker to remove the excess solid
  • Heat the solution in an evaporating dish over a water bath. Stop heating when small crystals start to appear around the edge of the evaporating basin
  • Leave the saturated solution at room temperature for 1-2 days
  • If necessary, dry the crystals gently with filter paper