Psychopathology

• Psycho-pathology= Mind-diseases
• Carey and Gottesman (1981):

  • Found MZ twins showed a concordance rate of 87% fr obsessive symptoms compared to 47% in non-identical (DZ)

  Therefore genetic factors are moderately important
• OCD Family Study:

  Frontelle et al (2004) - compared patients with OCD in Brazil, N America, Europe, Africa and Asia. generally there was an early on set of the disorder in all cultures with a mix of Os and Cs. The core features of ocd are independent of cuoltural variation
• BZs are used to reduce anxiety by slowing down the activity of the CNS
• Side effects of BZs include increased aggressiveness and long-term memory impairment
• Developmental norms - the typical patterns of development that are expected for a particular age group (e.g it would be normal for a 1-year-old to be carried everywhere but not a 17-year-old)
• Mowrer created the two-process model
• Van Grootheest et al (2005) = All OCD studies found higher concordance rate for MZ over DZ twins but for MZ twins concordance rates weren’t 100% therefore environment has some effect not just genes