3.9.1 Internal Working Model and Future Relationships

• How does an insecure attachment in childhood affect future relationships?

  It may lead to difficulty trusting others
• What leads to avoidant attachment in children?

  Distant or unresponsive caregivers
• How do children with secure attachment feel in relationships?

  They trust others and feel safe
• What is disorganized attachment associated with?

  Early trauma or chaotic parenting
• What is the impact of a secure internal working model on relationships?

  It leads to expectations of trust and intimacy.
• How do internal working models affect romantic relationships?

  They influence expectations of trust and intimacy.
• What are the characteristics of secure and insecure internal working models?

  • Secure Model:
  • Expects trust and intimacy
  • Comfortable expressing needs

  
  

  • Insecure Model:
  • Avoidant: Struggles with closeness
  • Resistant: Fears abandonment
• What parenting style is likely adopted by a parent with a secure attachment style?

  Responsive and nurturing
• What impact does an avoidant parent's attachment style have on their child?

  Child learns to be independent but lacks emotional connection
• What environment does a secure parent provide for their child?

  Stable and supportive environment
• What can happen if a person acts on their belief of betrayal in relationships?

  Partners may leave, confirming their belief
• How does the internal working model influence relationships?

  It shapes expectations and behavior in future relationships
• What is the impact of a resistant parent's attachment style on their child?

  Child becomes clingy and seeks constant reassurance
• What did Hazan & Shaver (1987) find about attachment styles?

  They correlate with adult romantic relationships
• What is secure attachment characterized by?

  Consistent responsiveness and nurturing from caregivers
• What is the significance of early attachments according to the studies mentioned?

  • Early attachments have a lasting effect
  • They influence how we relate to others later in life
• How do children with resistant attachment typically behave?

  They may become clingy and anxious
• What is the internal working model in attachment theory?

  A framework for understanding relationships
• How does insecure attachment impact relationship stability according to Simpson, Rholes & Phillips (1996)?

  It negatively impacts relationship stability
• Can attachment styles change throughout life according to the internal working model?

  Yes, we can learn and change our attachment styles
• What does the deterministic critique of the internal working model suggest?

  Early attachments predetermine relationship patterns
• What are internal working models?

  They are mental representations of relationships.
• What behavior might someone with an avoidant internal working model exhibit?

  They might avoid deep emotional discussions.
• What is the definition of the internal working model?

  A mental blueprint from early attachment experiences
• What might a child with a secure attachment expect in relationships?

  Trustworthy and supportive interactions
• What struggle do children with disorganized attachment face?

  Forming a consistent understanding of relationships
• How does your attachment style from childhood affect parenting?

  It influences the parenting style you adopt
• How do early attachment styles influence later relationships?

  • Shape internal working models
  • Influence relationship approaches
  • Affect experiences in relationships
• What might someone with an insecure internal working model struggle with?

  They may struggle with closeness and commitment.
• What behavior do children with avoidant attachment tend to exhibit?

  They avoid intimacy and rely on themselves
• What can cause resistant attachment in children?

  Inconsistent caregiver behavior
• What do internal working models influence besides romantic relationships?

  Parent-child relationships
• What might an avoidant parent struggle to provide for their child?

  Emotional closeness
• What does the term "internal working model" refer to in the context of relationships?

  It refers to childhood beliefs influencing relationships
• What are the different attachment styles and their impacts on parenting?

  • Secure: Responsive and nurturing; child feels secure and confident.
  • Avoidant: Distant and uninvolved; child learns independence but lacks emotional connection.
  • Resistant: Inconsistent and anxious; child becomes clingy and seeks reassurance.
  • Disorganized: Erratic and frightening; child experiences confusion and insecurity.
• How does a disorganized parent's attachment style affect their child?

  Child experiences confusion and insecurity
• How do expectations affect relationships according to the self-fulfilling prophecy concept?

  Expectations can lead to behaviors that shape outcomes
• Why is the internal working model considered to lack cultural consideration?

  Attachment types vary across different cultures
• What are the criticisms of the internal working model?

  • Oversimplifies complex human relationships
  • Lacks cultural consideration
  • Seen as deterministic regarding relationship patterns
• What is a major critique of the internal working model?

  It oversimplifies complex human relationships