3.9.4 Relationships as Parents

• What are the three attachment styles described in the image?

  Secure, Avoidant, Resistant
• What are the two main attachment styles in parent-child relationships?

  Secure and Insecure
• What characterizes Secure Attachment in children?

  Responsive, affectionate caregivers meet needs
• How are early attachment styles shaped?

  By caregiver behavior and responses
• What is a common reaction of children with Disorganized Attachment?

  They show confused and contradictory actions
• How does a caregiver's responsiveness affect a child's development?

  It builds trust and confidence in the child
• What behaviors characterize each attachment style?

  • Secure: Responsive, caring parents; trusting children
  • Avoidant: Distant parents; independent children
  • Resistant: Inconsistent parents; clingy, angry children
  • Disorganized: Abusive parents; confused, contradictory children
• What is the internal working model in relation to attachment styles?

  It influences perceptions of relationships
• What might a securely attached child experience from their parents?

  Consistent comfort and support
• What are the three main types of a child's 'working model' of itself according to the image?

  • Positive & Loved
  • Unloved & Rejected
  • Angry & Confused
• What significantly shapes a child's cognitive and emotional development?

  Early attachment experiences
• What is the cycle of caregiver behavior and attachment styles?

  • Caregiver behavior (positive/negative)
  • Shapes child's self-perception
  • Leads to attachment styles:
  • Secure
  • Avoidant
  • Resistant
  • Influences future relationship patterns
• What is the central concept described in the image?

  The child's 'working model' of itself
• What type of attachment arises from distant and unresponsive parents?

  Avoidant Attachment
• How do the three attachment styles relate to the child's 'working model' of itself?

  • Secure attachment leads to a positive & loved 'working model'
  • Avoidant attachment leads to an unloved & rejected 'working model'
  • Resistant attachment leads to an angry & confused 'working model'
• What is the internal working model?

  A mental template from early relationships
• What are the four attachment styles mentioned?

  • Securely attached
  • Avoidant attached
  • Resistant attached
  • Disorganized attached
• What is a characteristic of disorganized attached individuals?

  They often have chaotic relationship patterns
• How do children with Resistant Attachment behave?

  They become clingy but also angry
• What is a characteristic of an avoidantly attached child?

  They avoid comfort and are independent
• What does research indicate about effective parenting?

  It involves both discipline and nurturing
• How does secure attachment relate to caregiver engagement?

  It is influenced by how caregivers engage
• What method did Ainsworth use to identify attachment styles?

  Strange Situation
• How does the primary carer's behaviour towards the child influence the child's 'working model' of itself?

  The primary carer's behaviour towards the child shapes the child's internal 'working model' of itself as either positive & loved, unloved & rejected, or angry & confused.
• How do stereotypes affect perceptions of parenting roles?

  They dictate that fathers focus on discipline
• What characterizes avoidant attached individuals?

  They prefer independence and struggle with closeness
• What leads to Disorganized Attachment in children?

  Abusive or frightening caregiver behavior
• What is the impact of Insecure Attachment on children?

  It leads to difficulties in relationships later in life
• How do different attachment styles affect children's future relationships?

  • Secure Attachment: Trusting and confident in relationships
  • Avoidant Attachment: Independent, may struggle with intimacy
  • Resistant Attachment: Clingy, may have anger issues
  • Disorganized Attachment: Confused, may have difficulty coping
• What is emphasized in Western cultures regarding parenting?

  Independence is emphasized
• What type of parent behavior is associated with a disorganized attachment style?

  Frightening and abusive behavior
• How might early attachment styles influence future parenting?

  They shape how individuals perceive relationships
• What does Ainsworth's Strange Situation assess?

  Children's reactions when reunited with caregivers
• What did Rutter's Romanian Orphanage Study highlight?

  Effects of institutional deprivation on development
• Why is understanding your attachment style important?

  It helps build healthier romantic relationships
• What are the four attachment styles and their effects on development?

  • Secure: Enhanced problem-solving, high emotional stability
  • Avoidant: Delayed learning, suppressed emotions
  • Resistant: Poor concentration, anxious clingy behavior
  • Disorganized: Significant learning deficits, severe emotional instability
• What is a characteristic of Resistant Attachment?

  Inconsistent parental attention
• What significantly influences parenting styles?

  Gender differences and cultural variations
• What challenges do children with disorganized attachment face?

  They struggle with learning and regulating emotions
• What is the internal working model in child development?

  It refers to templates for future relationships and self-perception