Application in research (MATH10)

• What does research methodology refer to?

  Detailed description of procedure, instrument, and participants
• What is the difference between population and sample?

  • Population: Entire group of interest
  • Sample: Subset of the population
• What is probability sampling?

  Method using random selection for samples
• What is simple random sampling also known as?

  Fish-bowl method
• How is stratified sampling conducted?

  Population is divided into groups called strata
• How do you complete a table for stratified sampling?

  • Identify strata
  • Calculate sample size for each stratum
  • Use population percentages to determine sample sizes
• What is cluster sampling?

  Grouping population based on natural means
• What is multistage sampling?

  Combining at least two different sampling methods
• What is nonprobability sampling?

  Data collection without full probability sampling
• What is Slovin's Formula used for?

  Determining a reliable sample size
• What does 'n' represent in Slovin's Formula?

  Sample size
• What does 'N' represent in Slovin's Formula?

  Population size
• What does 'e' represent in Slovin's Formula?

  Margin of error
• What is the first learning target in the application of statistics in research?

  I can determine the level of measurement.
• Why do people ask questions about household statistics?

  To gather data for research purposes.
• What is frequency in statistics?

  Number of times a datum occurs.
• What is relative frequency?

  Ratio of a frequency to total frequency.
• What is the nominal level of measurement?

  Labels or categories without quantitative value.
• What is the ordinal level of measurement?

  Labels with ranking but no exact differences.
• What is the interval level of measurement?

  Ordered data with exact differences, no true zero.
• What is the ratio level of measurement?

  Ordered data with exact differences and a true zero.
• What is the mean in statistics?

  Balance point of all scores in distribution.
• What is an outlier?

  A number significantly higher or lower than others.
• What is the median in statistics?

  Middle value in a sorted data set.
• Why is the median best for asymmetrical distributions?

  It is not affected by extreme values.
• What is the mode in statistics?

  Most frequent data in the distribution.
• When can mode be used?

  With nominal, interval, or ratio data.
• What are the appropriate measures of central tendency for different data types?

  • Math final grades: Mean or Median (Interval)
  • Shoe size: Mode (Nominal)
  • Rank of Performance: Median (Ordinal)
  • Daily Meal Allowance: Mean, Median, or Mode (Ratio)
• How is standard deviation defined in statistics?

  Measure of the spread of scores in distribution.
• Why is standard deviation considered reliable?

  It has the same unit as original values.
• What is variance in statistics?

  It is closely related to standard deviation.
• What is the highest rating in the provided data?

  20
• What is the lowest rating in the provided data?

  1
• How many ratings are provided in the data?

  4 ratings
• What does a higher standard deviation indicate?

  Greater spread of scores in distribution.
• What does a lower standard deviation indicate?

  Narrower spread of scores in distribution.