IOC LAB: tests and positive results

• The test for carbon and hydrogen uses lime water as its reagent.
• The test for nitrogen is also called soda-lime test for amide nitrogen.
• In the test for carbon and hydrogen, the presence of carbon dioxide is detected with the formation of white precipitate of calcium carbonate.
• The presence of hydrogen in the test for carbon and hydrogen is detected through the formation of droplets of water in the cool end of the tube.
• In the test for nitrogen or soda-lime test, the presence of nitrogen is detected through the presence of prussian blue after sodium fusion.
• Test for Nitrogen (Soda Lime Test): If nitrogen is in -NH2 form, there will be a formation of ammonia gas which turns moist red litmus paper to blue.
• The Beilstein test is a test used to detect the presence of halogens through dipping the copperwire in chloroform, and then placing it in a flame.
• A positive result in the beilstein test shows a green colored flame.
• The test for halogens are: the beilstein test which involves a looped copperwire and chloroform, and silver nitrate test which involves nitric acid and silver nitrate as its reagent.
• A positive result in the silver nitrate test shows a white to yellow precipitate.
• Ferrox test is a test used to detect the presence of oxygen, a positive result shows an evenly-distributed reddish brown color.
• The ferrox test uses nitric acid and silver nitrate as its reagent, and monochloroacetic acid as its reactant.
• The lead acetate test is used to detect the presence of sulfur. A positive result shows the formation of brownish-black sulfide.
• The test for sulfur or lead acetate test used albumin as its reactant and lead acetate as its reagent.
• The ignition test is the test used to determine the saturation of hydrocarbons. A positive result shows a sooty flame that is yellow in color.
• The Baeyer's test for unsaturation uses sodium hydroxide and potassium permanganate as its reagent. It shows a brown color or precipitate when the compound tests positive.
• The Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution forms a cloudy solution or precipitate when the compound tests positive. It uses bromine and glacial acetic acid as its reagent.
• The chromic acid test shows a positive result through a change in color of the solution from orange to green.
• The Lucas Test tests the classification alcohols: tertiary, secondary, and primary. It uses the lucas reagent.
• Esterification uses methanol as its reactant and for its reagents, it uses salicylic acid, and concentrated sulfuric acid. A positive result shows a brown color.