phenomena related to refraction

• apparent depth: when objects in water appear closer to the surface than they actually are
• Flattened sunset: light from the bottom of the sun is refracted more than the top due to density changes in the atmosphere
• mirages: virtual images of the sky produced when heat near the surface bends incident light up and away from it
• shimmering on water: air right above the water is warmer than air higher up which results in the bending of light
• rainbows: water droplets act like tiny prisms and refract incoming light, reflect it off the back of the drop, and refract it again on its way to your eye