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• Ethics is the moral code that guides how an individual should behave and deals with moral principles.
• Ethics is also about the individual’s search for meaning while dealing with human problems: Logical Problems of reasoning, Ethical Problems of morality, Epistemological Problems of the truth, Aesthetical Problems of art and beauty, Cosmological Problems of the universe, Science Problems of science.
• At least two human problems can be identified from the text.
• Three moral issues can be identified from the text.
• Jeremy Bentham is associated with the numbers 6 - 8.
• Charles Sanders Pierce is associated with the number C.
• Human beings are logical beings but human existence is inexplicable.
• Ethics deals with a diverse prescription of universal concepts and principles that serve as foundation of moral beliefs.
• Some may agree that there is no such universal or absolute ethical principle that would apply to all, as elaborated on by relativism.
• Some may say that the standards of right or wrong are always relative depending on cultural and social factors.
• In many cases ethics can be connected to morality.
• According to Donal Harrington, “Morality can be viewed in different perspectives - as a law, as an inner conviction, as love, as personal growth, and as social transformation.
• Ethical relativism, also known as moral relativism, is a school of ethics anchored on the principle that morality is relative to the norms of a particular culture.
• Ethical relativism is a theory based on norms relative to a particular culture or society.
• Ethical relativism acknowledges societal diversity, that every society has a unique moral design and culture; and people’s beliefs are greatly influenced by culture.
• The challenge to each society is the preservation of its cultural uniqueness and acknowledgment of cultural differences.
• Ethical pragmatism is a philosophical approach or movement that began in the 1870s.
• The term ethical pragmatism was coined by Charles Sanders Pierce and further developed by William James.
• Ethics covers the philosophy of doing what is right.
• Genetic engineering is a controversial ethical issue because it involves genetic manipulations that are perceived to be against moral standards set by society.
• Genetic screening is a procedure whose main purpose is to screen, choose, and select the genes for proper detection of any genetic disease and other chromosomal malformations.
• Ethical relativism is a theory that states that the rightness or wrongness of actions is determined by their consequences.
• Genetic engineering involves procedures such as genetic screening, genetic interventions, and stem-cell therapy.
• Jeremy Bentham coined the term Ethical pragmatism.
• Genetic interventions are techniques such as genetic control, therapy, and surgery.
• Professional ethics guide individuals in dealing with issues and conflicts in the workplace in order for them to remain.
• The code of ethics of a particular profession serves as the guiding principle in the ethical practice of a profession.
• In vitro fertilization (IVF) is popularly known as laboratory fertilization.
• Euthanasia, also known as mercy killing, is conducted when the permission of the patient to perform the process is unavailable, like in the case of patient in a deep comatose, or neonates born with significant and major birth defects.
• Euthanasia remains controversial because it is the act of taking away a life in a way that is perceived to be against the society’s accepted moral standards.
• Professionalism in the workplace is necessary in maintaining a healthy and productive work environment.
• Ethical utilitarianism is a theory based on norms relative to a particular culture or society.
• Stem-cell therapy is a form of genetic engineering that makes use of stem cells to treat or prevent diseases.
• Professional ethics covers the morally accepted behavior of individuals in the workplace.
• Ethical Pragmatism is more of a theory on knowledge, truth, and meaning rather than morality.
• Abortion is considered illegal in the Philippines according to Article II, Section 12 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution which states that the state recognizes the sanctity of life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution.
• Ethical Pragmatism is considered as America’s most distinctive and major contribution to the field of philosophy.
• Abortion can be direct, induced, or even caused by natural cases or accidents.
• Euthanasia, also known as mercy killing, is the practice of ending a life intentionally, usually in situations when the individual is terminally ill, to relieve them of pain and suffering.
• Various views formulated by many philosophers, theologians, and moralists provide people with difficult decisions as to whether an action is acceptable or not.