Class 6

• Research ethics in urban studies is covered by the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans.
• Research ethics in urban studies is guided by three main principles: Respect for the Persons, Concern for Welfare, and Justice.
• The role of a social researcher includes ensuring that the people being studied are not harmed by their participation.
• If potential harm and risks are greater than risks of everyday life then informed consent is a minimum requirement.
• Paid participation in research may induce risks beyond participants' normal behaviour and may be viewed as pressure to participate or remain in a study beyond participants' usual stopping point.
• Ability to opt-out at anytime is a key principle of justice in research.
• Don't make the research a payment for a higher-than-usual level of risk.
• Avoid research that is likely to cause harm or be disturbing.
• Life should not get worse because of participation in a research project.
• Intellectual ownership and plagiarism, citation and acknowledgement are key aspects of research ethics in urban studies.
• Honesty, accountability, data and interpretation are important aspects of research ethics in urban studies.
• Ethical responsibilities to the subjects of research, such as consent, confidentiality and courtesy, are crucial in research ethics in urban studies.
• In research ethics in urban studies, there are lively debates about how research should be carried out, and the value and validity of the results derived from different approaches.
• Ethical responsibilities to the subjects of research, such as consent, confidentiality and courtesy, are a key aspect of research ethics in urban studies.
• In research ethics in urban studies, knowledge is of secondary interest and risk assessment is a key feature of all research.
• There is a constant balance between the potential gain and risk of harm in research ethics in urban studies.
• Research subjects are not “objects” or resources to be used for some end, individuals have basic human rights that include dignified treatment by researchers, informed consent, which is free and ongoing, is necessary for the researchers and participants to act as collaborators.
• Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a policy in Canada.
• Potential participants are given an information sheet and/or consent form outlining what the research is about, the research project, the methods, the potential risks and potential benefits of participating, the names of those in charge, the affiliated institution and contact information, assurances of confidentiality, how the data will be stored, how the findings will be published.
• Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2) provides for variation in research methods, three core overlapping principles: respect for persons, concern for welfare, justice.
• Research Ethics Boards must have an external representative.
• There is an appeal process for Research Ethics Board decisions.
• Funding relationships, work with the applicant are factors considered by Research Ethics Boards.
• Conflict of interests rules apply to members of Research Ethics Boards.
• Research Ethics Boards are internal to the affiliated institution.
• Quantitative research is easier, stated hypothesis and specific plan for testing, data gathered from one person at a time.
• Research design is always weighted in favour of research subjects.
• Members from different disciplines serve on Research Ethics Boards.
• Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS2, 2010, 2014) is a policy in Canada.
• Approval from a Research Ethics Board is required before people are approached to be participants in a research project.
• Universities, colleges, government, private companies are affiliated with Research Ethics Boards.
• Research Ethics Boards (REBs) are responsible for approving all Canadian research involving humans.
• A consent form is important because it mentions the ability of the participant to leave study at any time, a person with limited ability (e.g., child, medically limited) must have an agent or guardian provide the consent.
• Qualitative research provides flexibility for emerging themes, may capture data on people that would not want their activities observed, cautious Research Ethics Boards can restrict research project, prevent funding, prevent research project.
• Intersubjectivity in research means researchers should not treat research subjects as “objects of study” but as human collaborators.
• Not all participants will get the same information in qualitative research.
• Inclusivity is usually present in social science research and is a normal part of establishing a representative sample group.
• Researchers may have a duty to report on certain activities observed or disclosed in research, such as child abuse or crime.
• Justice in research means no person or group should be exploited for research, such as prison inmates, and no person or group should be systemically excluded from the benefits.
• The principle of no harm should be followed in research.