Sensory System

• Structure of the ear

  A) Eardrum

  B) Ossicles

  C) Semicircular canals

  D) Cochlea

  E) Auditory nerve

  F) Eustachian tube

  G) Round window

  H) Organ of corti

  
• Ossicles

  amplify sound waves and transmits it to cochlea
• Eardrum

  receives sound and transmits to middle ear
• Cochlea

  Contains jelly like fluid and converts vibrations into neural messages
• Organ of corti

  converts vibrations into neural messages
• Semicircular canals

  help with balance
• Eustachian tube

  connect middle ear to the throat
• Round window

  passes vibrations to the cochlea
• Auditory nerve

  transmits the neural message to the brain
• Structure of eye

  A) Conjuctiva

  B) Aqueous humour

  C) Cornea

  D) Pupil

  E) Lens

  F) Iris

  G) Ciliary muscle

  H) suspensory ligament

  I) Vitreous humour

  J) Retina

  K) Fovea

  L) Optic nerve

  M) Macula

  
• Conjunctiva

  A membrane that protects cornea
• Vitreous and Aqueous humour

  They keep the eye in shape and nourish it
• Pupil

  opening that light passes through
• Cornea

  light passes through this to the retina
• Lens

  focuses light
• Iris

  visible ring that adjusts and controls amount of light
• H) Ciliary muscle

  allows lens to change shape
• Suspensory ligament

  attaches lens to ciliary muscle
• Retina

  contains light sensitive cells called rods and cones
• Fovea

  blind spot
• Optic nerve

  transmits messages to the brain
• Macula

  Has photoreceptor cells that detect light and send signals to brain
• Glaucoma

  Build up of pressure in the eye from fluid from aqueous humour

  Age Family history other medical conditions

  Blurred vision rainbow coloured circles around bright lights blindness

  Daily eye drops surgery for improved drainage of fluid
• AMD

  Dry AMD Macula damaged by deposits no cure stop smoking support services

  Wet AMD abnormal blood vessels form under macula

  Smoking high blood pressure family history

  Hallucinations colours less bright loss of central vision

  regular scans injections into the eye less frequent as time goes on
• Cataracts

  Cloudy patches in the eye blurred vision double vision

  Diabetes Smoking family history

  Surgery to remove one lens at a time regular eye exams
• Diabetic Retinopathy

  High blood sugar damages retina by blood vessels leaking and abnormal blood flow

  Blindness

  Diabetic eye screening appointments monitor blood sugar levels

  Laser eye treatment Injection of medication into eye
• Deafness " = hearing loss


  Gradual " ageing or exposure to loud noises

  Conductive " blockage such as earwax causing build up of fluid

  Sensorineural damage to hair cells in the inner ear or auditory nerve

  Difficulty hearing other people hearing aid

  Earwax sucked out or softened with eardrops hearing aid or cochlear implants
• RNIB 


  Charity for sight loss
• Action for hearing uk


  Charity for deafness