Interpersonal Relations Theory (Peplau's)

• Frustrations in Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory occur when patients encounter obstacles or challenges that prevent them from achieving their needs or goals.
• Unmet needs in Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory are needs that have not been met, either due to lack of satisfaction or to the passage of time.
• Nursing is a significant therapeutic interpersonal process that functions cooperatively with other human processes that make health possible for individuals in communities.
• Health is defined as “a word symbol that implies forward movement of personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living.”
• Conflicts in Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory can arise in healthcare settings when there are differing opinions or interests between patients and healthcare providers or among healthcare team members.
• Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory includes four psychobiological experiences that compel destructive or constructive patient responses: needs, frustrations, conflicts, and unmet needs.
• Needs in Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory refer to the fundamental requirements or desires that individuals have in order to maintain physical and psychological well-being.
• Peplow's Interpersonal Relations Theory describes the phases of the nurse-patient relationship as Orientation, Identification, Exploitation, and Resolution.
• The Exploitation Phase of Peplow's Interpersonal Relations Theory is when the client uses professional assistance for problem-solving alternatives.
• During the Exploitation Phase of Peplow's Interpersonal Relations Theory, the individual feels as an integral part of the helping environment.
• The Identification Phase of Peplow's Interpersonal Relations Theory is when the patient begins to have a feeling of belonging and a capability of dealing with the problem which decreases the feeling of helplessness and hopelessness.
• The nurse responds, explains roles to the client, helps to identify problems and to use available resources and services during the Orientation Phase of Peplow's Interpersonal Relations Theory.
• During the Identification Phase of Peplow's Interpersonal Relations Theory, the client begins to identify problems to be worked on within the relationship.
• The goal of the nurse during the Identification Phase of Peplow's Interpersonal Relations Theory is to help the patient to recognize his/her own interdependent/ participation role and promote responsibility for self.
• During the Orientation Phase of Peplow's Interpersonal Relations Theory, the client seeks assistance, conveys needs, asks questions, shares preconceptions and expectations of past experiences.
• The Resolution Phase of Peplow's Interpersonal Relations Theory is when the client's needs are met and the mutual termination of the relationship occurs.
• The Orientation Phase of Peplow's Interpersonal Relations Theory is the problem defining phase that starts when the client meets the nurse as a stranger.
• The principles of interview techniques must be used in order to explore, understand and adequately deal with the underlying problem during the Exploitation Phase of Peplow's Interpersonal Relations Theory.
• Peplow's Interpersonal Relations Theory identifies six nursing roles: stranger, resource person, teacher, leader, surrogate, and counselor.
• Hildegard E. Peplau is considered the mother of psychiatric nursing due to her contributions as a psychiatric nursing expert, educator, author, nursing leader, and theorist.
• Hildegard E. Peplau's scope of influence in nursing includes her contributions as a psychiatric nursing expert, educator, author, nursing leader, and theorist.
• Hildegard E. Peplau's seminal book, Interpersonal Relations in Nursing, describes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship as a significant, therapeutic interpersonal process.
• Hildegard E. Peplau was born in Reading, Pennsylvania in 1909.
• Hildegard E. Peplau received a diploma in nursing from Pottstown, Pennsylvania in 1931.
• Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship: A professional and planned relationship between patient and nurse that focuses on the patient’s needs, feelings, problems, and ideas.
• This is a process in which the patient frees themselves from identification with the nurse.
• Both use problem-solving techniques for the nurse and patient to collaborate on, with the end purpose of meeting the patients needs.
• Sense of security is formed in the patient, making them less reliant on the nurse and increasing their self-reliance to deal with their own problems.
• The attainment of any goal is achieved through a series of steps following a sequential pattern.
• The patient gradually puts aside old goals and adopts new goals.
• Nursing involves interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal.
• Both use observation, communication, and recording as basic tools utilized by nursing.
• Interpersonal Theory and Nursing Process: Both are sequential and focus on therapeutic relationship.
• Hildegard E. Peplau received a BA in interpersonal psychology from Bennington College in 1943.
• Hildegard E. Peplau received an MA in psychiatric nursing from Colombia University in New York in 1947.
• Hildegard E. Peplau received an EdD in curriculum development in 1953.
• Hildegard E. Peplau was a professor emeritus from Rutgers university.
• Hildegard E. Peplau started the first post baccalaureate program in nursing.
• Hildegard E. Peplau published Interpersonal Relations in Nursing in 1952.
• In 1968, Hildegard E. Peplau stated that interpersonal techniques were the crux of psychiatric nursing.