Class 18

• Content analysis is the examination and coding of documents and texts, including printed, visual, aural, and virtual media.
• Content analysis can be quantitative or qualitative.
• In content analysis, things that can be counted or otherwise analyzed include words, subjects and themes, value positions, and the presentation front.
• Coding in content analysis involves designing a coding schedule, which is the form where the data are recorded, and a coding manual, which is the set of instructions to coders.
• Designing a coding schedule involves ensuring that the categories are mutually exclusive, exhaustive, clear, and that a pilot test is conducted to reduce risks of error.
• Qualitative content analysis, such as ethnographic content analysis, differs from quantitative content analysis in that the researcher is constantly revising the themes or categories as the data are examined and emphasizes the context in which the documents were generated.
• The Biden-Harris Administration's climate plan is expected to create $1 trillion more in economic growth than the Trump Administration's proposal.
• The Biden-Harris Administration's climate plan aims to create millions of jobs and clean the environment.
• The Biden-Harris Administration aims to retrofit 4 million existing buildings and 2 million existing homes to conserve energy, saving hundreds of millions of barrels of oil and creating significant job opportunities.
• Wall Street firms predict that the Biden-Harris Administration's plan will create 18.6 million jobs, 7 million more than the Trump Administration's proposal.
• The health and jobs of Americans are at stake due to climate change.
• The Biden-Harris Administration's climate plan is not focused on climate change alone, but also on the economy.
• Discourse Analysis includes elements of conversation analysis, is broader and more flexible, covers communication other than talk, is anti-realist, tends toward a constructionist orientation, employs strategies to create different effects, and is based on the idea that our ways of understanding the world are created and maintained by social processes.
• Qualitative Content Analysis: Ethnographic involves the study of signs through the lens of semiotics.
• Semiotics is the 'science of signs' that seeks to expose hidden meanings in texts.
• Conversation analysis is a qualitative methodology that focuses on reflexivity, contextual understanding, a constructionism ontology, and is a quantitative methodology that collects data from naturally occurring situations and has a positivist orientation on replicability.
• Meta-Ethnography is a method that reviews multiple sources of information like a meta-analysis.
• Conversation analysis is a method that applies to both qualitative and quantitative methods, examining how social order is created through communication.
• Herrmeneutics is a method that interprets the meaning of a text based on the circumstances and context in which it was constructed.
• Wearing masks can save 100,000 lives.
• The president's plan for addressing climate change includes support from both environmental organizations and labor, those concerned about jobs.
• The president has no comprehensive plan to address the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Climate change is an existential threat to humanity and we have a moral obligation to deal with it.
• The president's plan for addressing climate change includes investing in clean energy, creating millions of new good paying jobs, and reducing carbon emissions.
• The president's plan for addressing COVID-19 includes encouraging everyone to wear masks, investing in rapid testing, and setting up national standards for opening up schools and businesses.
• The leading scientists in the world agree that we have little time to prevent passing the point of no return within the next 8 to 10 years.
• The New England Medical Journal stated that the president's response to the COVID-19 crisis has been absolutely tragic.
• China is investing in charging stations on their highways to own the electric car market of the future.
• The expectation is that another 200,000 Americans will die between now and the end of the year due to COVID-19.
• The president's climate plan includes investing in 500,000 charging stations on our highways so that we can own the electric car market of the future.
• The President of the United States was hospitalized for COVID-19, received a therapeutic, and is now immune.
• Language is not just a means of getting at a reality that lies behind it, it is constructive, creating a particular view of reality.
• The President of the United States has been congratulated by the heads of many countries on what the United States has been able to do in terms of goggles, masks, gowns, and ventilators.
• There are a thousand deaths a day from COVID-19, and over 70,000 new cases per day, compared to what’s going on in Europe.
• The mortality rate from COVID-19 is down 85%, the excess mortality rate is way down and much lower than almost any other country, and a vaccine is coming within weeks.
• 220,000 Americans have died from COVID-19, and anyone responsible for that many deaths should not remain as president of the United States of America.
• Discourse is a form of action, rhetorically organized.
• Discourse Analysis Strategies include Quantification rhetoric, statements involving numbers or quantities made to support/refute arguments, using variation in numbers to highlight contrast, attention to specific (supportive) detail, and rhetorical detail.
• Limitations of Content Analysis include limitations due to the texts analyzed, potential for invalid conjecture, and its emphasis on measurement may make it atheoretical in nature.
• Content Analysis, in its quantitative form, is very transparent, allows for longitudinal analysis, is an unobtrusive method, can be used with several kinds of unstructured information, and overcomes social barriers to researcher access.