Structure of the Brain and Aggression
Cards (4)
- Amygdala-The amygdala is a region in the brain located deep within the temporal lobes-It is thought that the amygdala may be part of a structure responsible for emotion and aggression.-This is based on a number of studies on both humans and animals. For example, research in hamsters found that stimulation of the amygdala increases aggression and lesioning this area reduced aggression.-Active from birth
- Prefrontal Cortex-The prefrontal cortex is located behind the forehead at the front of the brain. Among other things, the prefrontal cortex has been linked with the regulation of correct social behaviour, and it had been proposed that the prefrontal cortex may control the amygdala.-This is based on the observation that damage or reduced activity in this area can result in altered emotionality as well as a loss of control and immaturity.-As a result, reduced functioning may lead to an increased likelihood in aggression.-Develops age 5+
- Antisocial personality disorder (APD)-The amygdala helps us learn from the negative consequences of our actions. It is also involved in processing facial expressions.People with APD have abnormal amygdala function so they cannot recognise sad or fearful facial expressions. So, they do not learn to avoid antisocial activities.-The prefrontal cortex is involved in decision making and managing acceptable social behaviours.-People with APD have a smaller prefrontal cortex and less activity in the front of the brain. So, they do not learn what is acceptable and feel no guilt.
- How do normal people control their anger?-People with normal amygdala function learn to avoid activities that they can see cause others to become upset or frightened.-The prefrontal cortex (front of the brain) is involved in decision making and managing acceptable social behaviours.-People with normal prefrontal cortex function learn what behaviours are socially acceptable and feel guilty when they do something wrong.