Cell Differentiation and Specialization

• All the major organs of the body are formed by week 10 of gestation. Which process makes this possible?A. growthB. fertilizationC. self-renewalD. differentiation


  D.
• Which best describes red blood cells?A. They are colorless.B. They protect against disease-carrying microorganisms.C. They transport oxygen throughout the body.D. They aid in blood clotting.

  C.
• In the study of cancer, researchers have used different types of cells, different environmental conditions, and different experimental designs. But, all researchers have arrived at the same conclusion. Which conclusion is that?A. Cancer cells stop dividing when they touch.B. Cancer cells are unspecialized cells.C. Cancer cells lack contact inhibition.D. Cancer cells reproduce slowly.


  C.
• _____________________ are a source of stem cells that has the characteristics of self-renewal and limited differentiation.A. Embryonic cellsB. Somatic CellsC. Amniotic fluidD. Bone Marrow

  C.
• Which statement best describes embryonic stem cells?A. Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal only.B. Embryonic stem cells are capable of differentiation only.C. Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and limited differentiation.D. Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and unlimited differentiation.

  D.
• Gene expression within the body is controlled by the cells, which determine when a specific gene should or should not be expressed. Influenza (the flu) is caused by a virus that attacks the respiratory system. Which type of gene is likely to be widely expressed in the body of someone who contracts the influenza virus?A. The gene that controls production of stem cells.B. The gene that controls production of skin cells.C. The gene that controls production of red blood cells.D. The gene that controls production of white blood cells.


  D.
• Which changing external condition triggers the salivary glands? A. lack of oxygenB. lack of waterC. disease-causing agentsD. change in temperature


  B.
• A sperm cell and an egg cell fuse to form which structure?A. fetusB. gameteC. zygoteD. stem cell


  C.
• Which cell is unspecialized?A. blood cellB. stem cellC. epithelial cellD. gamete


  B.
• Which cells are considered immortal?A. neuronsB. blood cellsC. cardiac muscle cellsD. stem cells


  D.
• Living organisms respond to changes in environmental conditions such as temperature. Which series lists the correct order in which the body would respond to such a change?A. tissue, cell, organ, organ system, organismB. tissue, cell, organ system, organ, organismC. cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism D. cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organism


  C.
• Which type of cell is capable of self-renewal?A. stem cellB. blood cellC. muscle cellD. neuron

  A.
• Which of these pairings is incorrect?A. blood cells, components of bloodB. neurons, conduct electrical impulsesC. epithelial cells, react to stimuliD. muscle cells, elongated cells that can contract


  C.
• When a disease-causing agent enters an organism, the immune system alerts which specialized cells?A. red blood cellsB. epithelial cellsC. white blood cellsD. somatic stem cells


  C.
• Which series lists the stages of development in the gestational process in order, from beginning to end?A. gametes ® embryo ® zygote ® fetus ® organismB. gametes ® zygote ® embryo ® fetus ® organismC. embryo ® gametes ® zygote ® fetus ® organismD. zygote ® gametes ® embryo ® fetus ® organism


  B.
• Which cells are most likely to react in the event that there is a reduction in the supply of oxygen to a person's foot?A. epithelial cells, neuronsB. neurons, muscle cellsC. muscle cells, blood cellsD. blood cells, epithelial cells


  C.
• Which is a source of adult stem cells?A. bone marrowB. amniotic fluidC. embryosD. gametes

  A.