Mutations

Created by

Ephie

Cards (23)

What are the 6 types of mutation?
Substitution
Addition
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation
What is a substitution?
Where one nucleotide is replaced by another
What is an addition?
An extra nucleotide is added
What is a deletion?
A portion of the nucleotide chain is removed
What is a duplication?
A portion of the nucleotide chain is repeated
What is translocation?
A group of bases from one chromosome becomes separated and is inserted into another DNA sequence of a different chromosome
What is a somatic mutation?
A mutation in body cells
What is a gametic mutation?
A mutation in the gametes, which can be inherited
What is sickle cell anaemia?
A genetic blood disorder, which causes red blood cells to be a different shape
Who cannot get malaria?
People with sickle cell anaemia
What is a heterozygotic advantage?
Where having both alleles is the most advantageous
What is an example of a heterozygotic advantage?
Being heterozygous for sickle cell as you cannot get malaria
What are mutagens?
Anything that causes DNA to change
What are examples of mutagens?
Radiation and chemicals
How does UV radiation affect DNA?
Disrupts the structure, can cause skin cancer
How do X-rays affect DNA?
Ionising radiation can cause adjacent thymine to pair together, or make it so DNA polymerase is no longer effective
How does bromouracil affect DNA?
substitutes for thymine and can pair with guanine instead of adenine
How does benzopyrene affect DNA?
Causes guanine to pair with thymine
Which gene, when mutated, increases the chance of breast cancer?
BRCA1
What are carcinogens?
Substances that can cause cancer
Which genes control cell division?
Tumour suppressor genes
Pronto-oncogenes
What do tumour suppressor genes do?
Inhibit cell division
What do pronto-oncogenes do?
Stimulate cell division