cell transport

• Passive transport is the movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use of energy.
• Active transport requires energy from ATP to move substances against their concentration gradients, while passive transport does not require energy as it moves substances with or down their concentration gradients.
• The concentration gradient is the difference between the concentrations of molecules on either side of the membrane.
• Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane, with water moving from an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
• Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
• Facilitated diffusion involves carrier proteins that bind to specific molecules and facilitate their passage through the plasma membrane.
• Equilibrium: equal throughout a system
• The water comes in and puts more pressure on the cell membrane and walls cause there more water than usual.
• Solute: water is usually solvent because cells main thing liquid is water
• Concentration gradient: difference in concentration (which is like volume and mass of an object)
• Permeable: anything can cross a barrier
• The plasma membrane is semipermeable, meaning that some things can enter the cell, and some things cannot
• The cell is not permeable.
• Cell Processes
• Certain materials can pass in and out of the cell
• The type of process depends on the physical and chemical properties of the substance that is passing through the membrane
• Types of Cellular Transport
• Passive transport does not require any energy for example, sliding down a hill
• Passive transport has more different diffusion types.
• Solute: salt = solute; water = solvent; salt solution = solution, molecule that can dissolve completely in water (could be liquid, gas, solid)
• NO OIL, because no lipid can dissolve in water.
• In passive transport the cell uses no energy.
• Molecules of solute move randomly.
• Molecules spread out from a area of high concentration.
• Active transport uses a cell requiring energy for example, going up a mountain
• Diffusion is the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• Low molecules have less concentration.
• High molecules have high concentration.
• The cell membrane is a semipermeable membrane, allowing some substances to enter and others to exit.
• The cell only permits the molecules it needs at the time period.
• The cell has detectors on the surface and it closes and identifies the molecule and opens and then lets the molecules pass through a passage.
• Isotonic solutions have the same amount of solute inside and outside the cell, causing the cell to remain the same size.
• Cytolysis is the breakdown of cells.
• Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane.
• Plasmolysis is the process where water moves from inside the cell into the solution, causing the cell to shrink.
• Cells swell and burst open during cytolysis.
• Water concentration moves because when there is more water, it moves from outside to inside.
• Hypotonic solutions have a high concentration of solute on one side of the membrane, causing the cell to swell.
• Hypertonic solutions have a low concentration of solute on one side of the membrane, causing the cell to shrink.
• Osmotic pressure builds up when water moves into a cell by osmosis, causing the cell to burst.