Science Finals!!

• Biomolecules


   refer to four distinct groups of molecules found in living organisms.
• Biomolecules are considered organic, meaning they're composed of CHON
• What does CHON stand for?

  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
• Biomolecules are also known as

  Macromolecules
• What are the four groups of biomolecules?

  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic Acids
• Carbohydrates


  are the most abundant organic compound in living things
• Carbohydrates are made up of

  Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen
• What is the general formula of Carbohydrates?

  Cn(H2O)n
• During photosynthesis, CO2 and H2O combine to form sugar glucose
• What are the functions of Carbohydrates?

  • Primary source of energy
  • Intermediate substances in respiration
  • Energy storage
  • Structure
  • Transport
  • Recognition of molecules in cell membrane
• Monosaccharides


  Basic unit of carbs
• Monosaccharides are the simplest form of

  Sugar
• Monosaccharides contains

  Aldose and Ketose
• How many carbon atoms can monosaccharides contain?

  9
• What are examples of monosaccharides?

  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
• What does "di" stand for?

  2
• Disaccharides


  Made up of 2 monosaccharides units
• Glycosidic bond


  Covalent bond between monosaccharides
• What bond is disaccharides bonded with?

  Glycosidic
• What are some examples of disaccharides?

  • Sucrose
  • Lactose
  • Maltose
• What is the formula for Sucrose?

  Glucose + Fructose
• What is the formula for Lactose?

  Glucose + Galactose
• What is the formula for Maltose?

  Glucose + Glucose
• Sucrose

  Table Sugar
• Lactose

  Milk Sugar
• Maltose

  Beer
• Polysaccharides


  Long chains of monosaccharide units
• Examples of Polysaccharides:

  • Starch
  • Glycogen
  • Cellulose
• Starch


  Stored in plants
• Glycogen


  Found in animals and fungi
• Cellulose


  Major component of cell walls
• Fatty Acids


  Basic unit of Lipids
• What is the other term for fatty acids?

  Glycerol
• Lipids are an important class of

  Nutrients
• Lipids contain fatty acids, phospholipids, steroids, and cholesterol
• Lipids


  Found in dairy and poultry products, grains, meat, and oils
• Lipids contains a larger amount of

  Carbon and Hydrogen
• Lipids are insoluble in water
• What is Layman's term for lipids?

  Fat
• What are the solid fats under room temperature?

  Trans fats