Classification

• What fraction of sufferers only have 1 or 2 episodes in their lifetime

  1/3
• What fraction of sufferers will only require medication for the rest of their lives and be able to live a normal life

  1/3
• What fraction of sufferers from severe symptoms may spend the rest of their life in hospital or care home

  1/3
• At what age is usually the onset of schizophrenia

  after 15 years old
• What is the difference in onset of schizophrenia between men and women

  Men notice symptoms in their late teens, women in later 20s or 30s
• What subtypes does the International classification of the causes of disease (ICD) recognise

  • Catatonic Type
  • Disorganised (Hebephrenic) Type
  • Paranoid type
• Describe the catatonic type of schizophrenia

  • Immobility or excessive motor activity that is purposeless
  • strange voluntary movement
  • posture
  • stereotyped movements
  • prominent mannerisms
  • prominent grimacing
• Describe the Disorganised (Hebephrenic) type

  Must have all:

  • Disorganised speech
  • Disorganised behaviour
  • Does not meet catatonic criteria
• Describe the Paranoid type

  Preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations
• What are the 2 types of schizophrenia symptoms

  Positive symptoms

  Negative symptoms
• What are Positive symptoms

  Symptoms that appear to reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions
• What are negative symptoms

  Symptoms that appear to reflect a loss of normal functions
• What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (3)

  1. Delusions
  2. Hallucinations
  3. Catatonic behaviour
• What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia (6)

  • Disorganised thinking
  • Affective flattening
  • Alogia
  • Social / occupational dysfunction
  • Avolition
  • Anhedonia
• Delusions

  Bizare beliefs that seem to be real for the sufferer
• Hallucinations

  Unreal perceptions of the environment- auditory, visual, olfactory (smell) or tactile
• Catatonic behaviour

  Abnormal motor movements e.g. holding the body in a rigid stance, moving in a frenzied way, peculiar facial movements
• Disorganised thinking

  Feeling that thoughts have been inserted or withdrawn from the mind. Some believe this is down by the government, some believe their thoughts are being broadcasted and everyone can hear
• Affective flattening

  Reduction in the range and intensity of emotional expression, including facial expressions, tone of voice, eye contact, body language
• Alogia

  Characterised by the lessening of speech fluency and productivity
• Social / occupational dysfunction

  One or more major areas of functioning such as work, interpersonal relations or self care are below the level of achieved prior to onset
• Avolition

  Reduction or instability and persistence in goal directed behaviour e.g. sitting in your room for hours doing absolutely nothing
• Anhedonia

  A loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities, or lack or reactivity to normally pleasurable stimuli