topic 1

Cards (39)

  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): A molecule that acts as the energy currency of cells formed from a molecule of ribose, a molecule of adenine and three phosphate groups.
  • Amino acid: The monomers containing an amino group (NH2 ), a carboxyl group (COOH) and a variable R group that make up proteins.
  • Benedict’s test: A biochemical test used to test for reducing sugars that produces a different colour based on the amount of reducing sugar present.
  • Biuret test: A biochemical test that produces a purple solution in the presence of protein.
  • Cellulose: A polysaccharide made of beta glucose monomers that is used as a structural polysaccharide which provides strength to plant cell walls.
  • Condensation reaction: A type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water.
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): An information storing molecule made up of deoxyribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds to form a double helix.
  • Dipeptide: Molecules formed by the condensation of two amino acids.
  • Disaccharide: Molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides
  • DNA helicase: An enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands in the DNA molecule that is going to be replicated.
  • DNA polymerase: An enzyme that catalyses the condensation reactions between the new nucleotides in the synthesis of the new DNA strand.
  • Enzyme: A protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst and increases the rate of biochemical reactions.
  • Glycogen: A highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals.
  • Glycosidic bond: A bond between two monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction.
  • Heat capacity: The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by a specific amount.
  • Hydrolysis: Breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of a water molecule.
  • Induced-fit model: A model of enzyme action that describes how enzymes undergo subtle conformational changes to better fit the substrate.
  • Iodine test: A biochemical test used to test for the presence of starch.
  • Lactose: A disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule.
  • Latent heat: The amount of energy needed for a substance to change state.
  • Lipid emulsion test: A biochemical test that produces a cloudy emulsion when performed on lipids.
  • Maltose: A disaccharide formed by condensation of two glucose molecules.
  • Metabolite: A molecule formed or used in metabolic reactions.
  • Monomers: The smaller units from which larger molecules are made
  • Monosaccharide: The individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made.
  • Phospholipid: A type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol, two molecules of fatty acid and a phosphate group.
  • Polymers: Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together.
  • Polypeptide: Molecules formed by the condensation of many amino acids.
  • Polysaccharide: Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides.
  • Primary structure: The individual sequence of amino acids in a protein.
  • Quaternary structure: A structure only applicable to proteins with multiple polypeptide chains that describes the interactions of the different chains.
  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA): A relatively short molecule made up of ribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds.
  • Secondary structure: The local interactions of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
  • Semi conservative replication: The production of two daughter DNA molecules from one DNA molecule which both contain one original DNA strand and one newly synthesised strand.
  • Solvent: A substance which other solutes are dissolved in.
  • Starch: A polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in plants.
  • Sucrose: A disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule.
  • Tertiary structure: The way that the whole protein folds to make a three dimensional structure.
  • Triglyceride: A type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.