All Premade Q

• acid

  A species that is a proton donor.
• activation energy

  The minimum amount of kinetic energy that particles need to have in order to react when they collide
• addition polymer


  A very long molecular chain formed by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers).
• addition polymerisation


  The process in which unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers) add on to a growing polymer chain one at a time to form a very long saturated molecular chain (the addition polymer).
• addition reaction


  A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule.
• adsorption


  The process that occurs when a gas, liquid or solute is held to the surface of a solid or, more rarely, a liquid.
• alicyclic hydrocarbon


  A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure.
• aliphatic hydrocarbon


  A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains.
• alkali

  A type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions, OH- (aq) ions.
• alkanes


  The homologous series with the general formula: CnH2n+2.
• alkyl group


  An alkane with a hydrogen atom removed, e.g. CH3, C2H5; alkyl groups are often shown as 'R'.
• amount of substance


  The quantity whose unit of the mole. Chemists use 'amount of substance' as a means of counting atoms.
• anhydrous

  A substance that contains no water molecules.
• anion


  A negatively charged ion.
• atom economy

  atom economy = molecular mass of the desired product ×100 sum of molecular masses of all products
• atomic orbital


  A region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins.
• atomic (proton) number

  The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
• acid


  A species that is a proton donor.
• activation energy

  The minimum energy required to start a reaction by the breaking of bonds.
• addition polymer


  A very long molecular chain formed by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers).
• addition polymerisation


  The process in which unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers) add on to a growing polymer chain one at a time to form a very long saturated molecular chain (the addition polymer).
• addition reaction


  A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule.
• adsorption


  The process that occurs when a gas, liquid or solute is held to the surface of a solid or, more rarely, a liquid.
• alicyclic hydrocarbon


  A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure.
• aliphatic hydrocarbon


  A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains.
• alkali

  A type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions, OH- (aq) ions.
• alkanes


  The homologous series with the general formula: CnH2n+2.
• alkyl group


  An alkane with a hydrogen atom removed, e.g. CH3, C2H5; alkyl groups are often shown as 'R'.
• amount of substance


  The quantity whose unit of the mole. Chemists use 'amount of substance' as a means of counting atoms.
• anhydrous

  A substance that contains no water molecules.
• anion


  A negatively charged ion.
• atom economy

  atom economy = molecular mass of the desired product ×100 sum of molecular masses of all products
• atomic orbital


  A region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins.
• atomic (proton) number

  The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
• Avogadro constant, NA


  The number of atoms per mole of the carbon-12 isotope (6.02 × 1023 mol-1).
• base


  A species that is a proton acceptor.
• biodegradable material


  A substance that is broken down naturally in the environment by living organisms.
• Boltzmann distribution


  The distribution of energies of molecules at a particular temperature, usually shown as a graph.
• carbanion


  An organic ion in which a carbon atom has a negative charge.
• carbocation


  An organic ion in which a carbon atom has a positive charge.